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Lời giải:

Với 2 số $a,b$ dương, ta luôn có BĐT quen thuộc sau:

\(a^3+b^3\geq ab(a+b)\)

Cách chứng minh rất đơn giản, biến đổi tương đương ta có:

\(a^3+b^3-ab(a+b)\geq 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2(a-b)-b^2(a-b)\geq 0\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2(a+b)\geq 0\) (luôn đúng với mọi $a,b>0$)

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Áp dụng vào bài toán:

\((n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}=(\sqrt{n})^3+(\sqrt{n+1})^3\geq \sqrt{n(n+1)}(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1})\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1})}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Do đó:

\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}+1}< 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)

\(\frac{1}{3\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

......

\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Cộng theo vế:

\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}< 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Ta có đpcm.

a) Bất đẳng thức đúng khi a = b = 2c

do đó \(\sqrt{c\left(2c-c\right)}+\sqrt{c\left(2c-c\right)}\le n\sqrt{2c.2c}\Leftrightarrow n\ge1\)

xảy ra khi n = 1

Thật vậy, ta có :

\(\sqrt{\frac{c}{b}.\frac{a-c}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a}.\frac{b-c}{b}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a-c}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{b-c}{b}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{c\left(a-c\right)}+\sqrt{c\left(b-c\right)}\le\sqrt{ab}\)

Vậy n nhỏ nhất là 1

b) Ta có : a + b = \(\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2}\le\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2}=\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)

Áp dụng, ta được : \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{n}\le\sqrt{2\left(n+1\right)},\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{n-1}\le\sqrt{2\left(1+n\right)},...\)

\(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{1}\le\sqrt{2\left(1+n\right)};\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{2}\le\sqrt{2\left(1+n\right)},...\)

\(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{n}\le\sqrt{2\left(1+n\right)}\)

do đó : \(4\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{n}\right)\le2n\sqrt{2\left(1+n\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{n}\le n\sqrt{\frac{n+1}{2}}\)

BĐT đúng với n=2

giả sử BĐT đúng với n=k , tức là: \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}< k\sqrt{\frac{k+1}{2}}\)

Ta phải chứng minh BĐT đúng vớới n=k+1:

\(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}< \left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)

Ta thấy: \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}< k\sqrt{\frac{k+1}{2}}+\sqrt{k+1}\)

Mà: \(k\sqrt{\frac{k+1}{2}}+\sqrt{k+1}< \left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)(*)

Thậy vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{k+1}\left(\frac{k}{\sqrt{2}}+1\right)< \left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\Leftrightarrow\frac{k}{\sqrt{2}}+1< \sqrt{k+1}\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{k+\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}}< \sqrt{k+1}\frac{\sqrt{k+2}}{\sqrt{2}}\Leftrightarrow k^2+2\sqrt{2k}+2< k^2+3k+2\)(luôn đúng)

Suy ra: \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}< \left(k+1\right)\sqrt{\frac{k+2}{2}}\)

hay \(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...\sqrt{n}< n\sqrt{\frac{n+1}{2}}\)

Mình cảm ơn bạn ạ!!

Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}<\frac{(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}).2\sqrt{n+1}}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}\)

Hay \(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Áp dụng vào bài toán:

\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 2\)

Ta có đpcm.

Lời giải:

Đặt \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{P}{2}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)

\(< \frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}(1)\)

Mà:

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1})}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2})}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3})}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1})}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)

\(=(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})+(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+...+(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})\)

\(=\sqrt{n}-1(2)\)

Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow \frac{P}{2}< \sqrt{n}-1\Rightarrow P< 2\sqrt{n}-2\)

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Tương tự:

\(\frac{P}{2}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P> 2\sqrt{n}-2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)

Mà \(2\sqrt{n}-2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}> 2\sqrt{n}-3\Rightarrow P>2\sqrt{n}-3\)

Ta có đpcm.