Xét dãy số: ...,\(a_{-3},a_{-2},a_{-1},a_0,a_1,a_2,a_3,...\), được định nghĩa bởi
\(a_n-\left(n+1\right)\times a_{n-2}=\left(n+3\right)^2\)với mọi số nguyên n. Tính \(a_0\)
Cho \(\left(a_n\right)\) xác định bởi \(a_1=1,a_2=3\), \(a_{n+1}=\left(n+2\right)a_n-\left(n+1\right)a_{n-1},n\ge1\)
CMR: \(a_{2021}\) không là số chính phương
Chứng minh rằng nếu \(\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}=\dfrac{a_2}{a_3}=...=\dfrac{a_n}{a_{n+1}}\) thì \(\left(\dfrac{a_1+a_2+a_3+...+a_n}{a_2+a_3+a_4+...+a_{n+1}}\right)^n=\dfrac{a_1}{a_{n+1}}\)
Theo tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nha, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}=\dfrac{a_2}{a_3}=.....=\dfrac{a_n}{a_{n+1}}=\dfrac{a_1+a_2+....+a_n}{a_2+a_3+....+a_{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}=\dfrac{a_1+a_2+....+a_n}{a_2+a_3+....+a_{n+1}}\)
\(\dfrac{a_2}{a_3}=\dfrac{a_1+a_2+.....+a_n}{a_2+a_3+.....+a_{n+1}}\)
.................................
\(\dfrac{a_n}{a_{n+1}}=\dfrac{a_1+a_2+.....+a_n}{a_2+a_3+.....+a_{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a_1+a_2+.....+a_n}{a_2+a_3+.....+a_{n+1}}\right)^n=\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}.\dfrac{a_2}{a_3}........\dfrac{a_n}{a_{n+1}}\)
Vậy \(\left(\dfrac{a_1+a_2+......+a_n}{a_2+a_3+......+a_{n+1}}\right)=\dfrac{a_1}{a_{n+1}}\) (đpcm)
~ Học tốt ~
CMR:
Nếu \(\frac{a_1}{a_2}=\frac{a_2}{a_3}=\frac{a_3}{a_4}=...=\frac{a_n}{a_{n+1}}\)thì\(\left(\frac{a_1+a_2+a_3+...+a_n}{a_2+a_3+a_4+..+a_{n+1}}\right)^n=\frac{a_1}{a_{n+1}}\)
áp dụng t.c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a1}{a2}=\frac{a2}{a3}=\frac{a3}{a4}=.....=\frac{an}{an+1}=\frac{a1+a2+a3+....+an}{a2+a3+a4+...+an+1}\)
\(\frac{a1}{a2}\cdot\frac{a2}{a3}\cdot\frac{a3}{a4}\cdot...\cdot\frac{an}{an+1}=\frac{a1}{an+1}=\left(\frac{a1}{a2}\right)^n=\left(\frac{a1+a2+a3+....+an}{a2+a3+a4+...+an+1}\right)^n\)(vì từ 1 đến n có n chữ số)
=> đpcm
Cho \(a_1,a_2,a_3,...,a_{2n}\left(n\ge2\right)\) là các số thực thỏa mãn : \(\sum\limits^{2n-1}_{i=1}\left(a_i-a_{i+1}\right)^2=1\)
Tìm GTLN của biểu thức sau : \(\left(a_{n+1}+a_{n+2}+...+a_{2n}\right)-\left(a_1+a_2+...+a_n\right)\)
CMR: Không có đa thức f(x) nào mà: \(f\left(x\right)=a_nx^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+.........+a_1x+a_0\left(a_1,a_2,a_3,............,a_n\in Z\right)\) có thể nhận giá trị f(7)=15 và f(15)=9
Ta có \(f\left(7\right)=15\Rightarrow f\left(7\right)-15=0\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)-15=P\left(x\right).\left(x-7\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(15\right)-15=P\left(x\right).8\Rightarrow-15=P\left(x\right).8\Rightarrow P\left(x\right)=\dfrac{-3}{4}\). (vô lí vì P(x) có các hệ số đều nguyên).
Vậy...
Biết rằng \(\left(2+x+2x^3\right)^{15}=a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+a_3x^3+...+a_{45}x^{45}\)
Tính \(S_1=a_1+a_2+a_3+...+a_{45};S_2=a_0+a_2+a_4+...+a_{44}\)
(Nghi binh 20/09)
Cho \(a_1,a_2,...,a_n>0;3\le n\in N.\) Đặt:
\(A_1=\frac{a_1}{a_2+a_3}+\frac{a_2}{a_3+a_4}+...+\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n+a_1}+\frac{a_n}{a_1+a_2}\)
\(A_2=\frac{a_1}{a_n+a_2}+\frac{a_2}{a_1+a_3}+...+\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_{n-2}+a_n}+\frac{a_n}{a_{n-1}+a_1}\)
Chứng minh rằng: \(Max\left\{A_1,A_2\right\}\ge\frac{n}{2}\)
Cho các số:\(a_1,a_2,a_3,...,a_{2009}\) được xác định theo công thức sau:
\(a_n=\frac{2}{\left(2n+1\right)\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}\) với n=1,2,3,...,2008
Chứng minh rằng :\(a_1+a_2+a_3+...+a_{2009< \frac{2008}{2010}}\)
\(a_n=\frac{2}{\left(2n+1\right)\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(2n+1\right)\left(n+1-n\right)}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{n+n+1}\)
\(< \frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(a_1+a_2+a_3+...+a_{2009}< 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2010}}=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2010}}< \frac{2008}{2010}\)
Cho dãy số \(\left(a_n\right)\) xác định bởi công thức:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a_1=1;a_2=2;\\na_{n+2}=\left(3n+2\right)a_{n+1}-2\left(n+1\right)a_n;n=1;2;3...\end{cases}}\)
a) Tìm công thức số hạng tổng quát của dãy \(\left(a_n\right)\)
b)Chứng minh \(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2};\forall n\inℕ^∗\)
c) Tính \(lim\left(\frac{a_1}{3}+\frac{a_2}{3^2}+...+\frac{a_n}{3^n}\right)\)
a.
\(\Leftrightarrow na_{n+2}-na_{n+1}=2\left(n+1\right)a_{n+1}-2\left(n+1\right)a_n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}}{n+1}=2.\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\)
Đặt \(b_n=\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b_1=\dfrac{a_2-a_1}{1}=1\\b_{n+1}=2b_n\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow b_n=2^{n-1}\Rightarrow a_{n+1}-a_n=n.2^{n-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a_{n+1}-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)-1\right]2^{n+1}=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\)
Đặt \(c_n=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c_1=a_1-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right]2^1=2\\c_{n+1}=c_n=...=c_1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a_n=\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n+2=\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2\)
b.
Câu b này đề sai
Với \(n=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}=0< \dfrac{1\left(1+1\right)}{2}\)
Với \(n=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}=0+1< \dfrac{2\left(2+1\right)}{2}\)
Có lẽ đề đúng phải là: \(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge n-1\) ; \(\forall n\in Z^+\)
Hay: \(\sqrt{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+1}\ge n-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2n\ge n^2\)
- Với \(n=1\Rightarrow-1+2\ge1^2\) (đúng)
- Với \(n=2\Rightarrow0+4\ge2^2\) (đúng)
- Giả sử BĐT đúng với \(n=k\ge2\) hay \(\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2k\ge k^2\)
Ta cần chứng minh: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+2\left(k+1\right)\ge\left(k+1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(k-1\right)2^k+1\ge k^2\)
Thật vậy: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+1=2\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2^k+1\ge2k^2-4k+2^k+1\)
\(\ge2k^2-4k+5=k^2+\left(k-2\right)^2+1>k^2\) (đpcm)
Do đó:
\(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}>0+1+...+n-1=\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)
c.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a_n}{3^n}=\dfrac{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2}{3^n}=\dfrac{n}{2\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+\dfrac{2}{3^n}\)
Đặt \(S_n=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{a_n}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}-\sum\limits^n_{j=1}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+2\sum\limits^n_{k=1}\dfrac{1}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}S'-2+2\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+1-\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)
Xét \(S'=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}\)
\(S'=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{3}{2}}+\dfrac{2}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^3}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}\)
\(\dfrac{3}{2}S'=1+\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{3}{2}}+\dfrac{3}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}S'=1+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}}-\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}=\dfrac{1-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n}{1-\dfrac{2}{3}}=3-3\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-n\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\)
\(\Rightarrow S_n=2-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-\dfrac{1}{3^n}-n\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\)
\(\Rightarrow\lim\left(S_n\right)=2\)