\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{9x^2+16x+96}=3x-16y-24\)

Vế phải nguyên \(\Rightarrow\) vế trái nguyên

\(\Rightarrow9x^2+16x+96=k^2\)

\(\Rightarrow81x^2+144x+864=\left(3k\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(9x+8\right)^2+800=\left(3k\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3k-9x-8\right)\left(3k+9x+8\right)=800\)

Pt ước số thật kinh dị với số ước của 800 

Ta có \(9x^2+16x+96=\left(3x-24-16y\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2+16x+96=9x^2-6x\left(16y+24\right)+\left(16y+24\right)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow16x+96=\left(16y+24\right)\left(16y+24-6x\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8\left(2x+12\right)=4\left(4y+6\right).2\left(8y+12-3x\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+12=\left(4y+6\right)\left(8y+12-3x\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow2x+12=32y^2+48y-12xy+48y+72-18x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow32y^2+96y-12xy-20x+60=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow32y^2+96y+60=12xy+20x\)\(\Leftrightarrow8y^2+24y+15=3xy+5x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8y^2+24y+15=x\left(3y+5\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{8y^2+24y+15}{3y+5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9x=\dfrac{9\left(8y^2+24y+15\right)}{3y+5}=\dfrac{72y^2+216y+135}{3y+5}\)\(=\dfrac{\left(72y^2+120y\right)+\left(96y+160\right)-25}{3y+5}\)\(=24y+32-\dfrac{25}{3y+5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow24y+32-\dfrac{25}{3y+5}\in Z\)\(\Rightarrow3y+5\in U\left(25\right)=\left\{\pm1,\pm5,\pm25\right\}\)\(\Leftrightarrow3y\in\left\{-4,-6,-10,0,-30,20\right\}\)\(\Rightarrow y\in\left\{-2,-10,0\right\}\)

+) Với y=-2=> x=1

+) với y=-10=> x=-23    

Vậy pt cho 2 cặp (x,y) nguyên =(1,-2),(-23,-10)

\(A=2x^2+16y^2+\frac{2}{x}+\frac{3}{y}\)

\(\frac{A}{2}=B=x^2+8y^2+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{3}{2y}=x^2+2z^2+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{3}{z}\)(x+z>=2)

\(B=\left(x-z\right)^2+\left(xz+xz+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(z^2+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)

\(\left(x-z\right)\ge0\) đẳng thức khi x=z

HD (thầy Minh): Ta có:  

9x² + y² + z² - 36x - 16y + 10z = - 125

\(\Leftrightarrow\)9x² - 36x + 36 + y² - 16y + 64 + z² + 10z + 25 = 0

\(\Leftrightarrow\) ( 3x - 6 )² + ( y - 8 )² + ( z + 5 )² = 0

Từ đó suy ra x, y, z