nNa = 6.9 : 23 = 0.3 mol

           4Na + O2 ->2 Na2O

mol :  0.3 ->           0.15

          Na2O + H2O -> 2NaOH

mol : 0.15 ->                0.3

mdd = 0.15 x 62 + 140.7 = 150g

C% NaOH = 0.3x40: 150 x 100% = 8%

Đáp án cần chọn là: C

mNaOH=11(g) -> nNaOH= 0,275(mol)

mH3PO4=9,8(g) -> nH3PO4=0,1(mol)

Ta có: 2< nNaOH/nH3PO4 = 0,275/0,1=2,75< 3 

=> P.ứ kết thúc thu được hỗn hợp dd Na3PO4 và Na2HPO4

PTHH: 3 NaOH + H3PO4 -> Na3PO4 + 3 H2O

3x_____________x________x(mol)

2 NaOH + H3PO4 -> Na2HPO4 +2 H2O

2y_____y__________y(mol)

mddX=55+24,5=79,5(g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=0,275\\x+y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,075\\y=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> mNa3PO4=0,075.164=12,3(g)

mNa2HPO4=142.0,025=3,55(g)

=>C%ddNa3PO4=(12,3/79,5).100=15,472%

C%ddNa2HPO4=(3,55/79,5).100=4,465%

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{55\cdot20\%}{40}=0,275\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_3PO_4}=\dfrac{24,5\cdot40\%}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo HPO₄^2- và PO₄^3-

PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_3PO_4\rightarrow Na_2HPO_4+2H_2O\)

                     2a_______a___________a_______2a   (mol)

           \(3NaOH+H_3PO_4\rightarrow Na_3PO_4+3H_2O\)

                     3b_______b_________b______3b    (mol)

Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+3b=0,275\\a+b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,025\\b=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2HPO_4}=\dfrac{0,025\cdot142}{55+24,5}\cdot100\%\approx4,47\%\\C\%_{Na_3PO_4}=\dfrac{0,075\cdot164}{55+24,5}\cdot100\%\approx15,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Số mol SO₂ và NaOH lần lượt là 0,2 và 0,25.

1 < OH^-/SO₂=1,25 < 2 ⇒ Dung dịch X chứa hai muối Na₂SO₃ và NaHSO₃.

\(n_{Na_2SO_3}=0,25-0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\) ⇒ \(n_{NaHSO_3}=0,2-0,05=0,15\left(mol\right)\).

1. Khối lượng muối có trong X:

m=0,05.126+0,15.104=21,9 (g).

2. Nồng độ mol/l các chất trong X:

\(C_{M\left(Na_2SO_3\right)}\)=0,05/0,2=0,25 (mol/l).

\(C_{M\left(NaHSO_3\right)}\)=0,15/0,2=0,75 (mol/l).

3. Khối lượng kết tủa BaSO₃ là:

m'=0,2.217=43,4 (g).

​​

PTHH: \(2M+2xHCl\rightarrow2MCl_x+xH_2\uparrow\)  (x là hóa trị của M)

Tính theo sản phẩm

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) 

\(\Rightarrow n_M=\dfrac{0,4}{x}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{4,8}{\dfrac{0,4}{x}}=12x\)

Ta thấy với \(x=2\) thì \(M=24\)  (Magie)

Mặt khác: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{50\cdot36,5\%}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta lại có: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Mg}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=4,8+50-0,2\cdot2=54,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot95}{54,4}\cdot100\%\approx34,93\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot36,5}{54,4}\cdot100\%\approx6,71\%\end{matrix}\right.\) 

(Chụp bằng mt nên mờ, thông cảm)

\(n_{CO_2}=\frac{8,8}{44}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{NaOH}=200\times10\%=20\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\frac{20}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

CO₂ + 2NaOH → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O (1)

Theo pt1: \(n_{CO_2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}\)

Theo bài: \(n_{CO_2}=\frac{2}{5}n_{NaOH}\)

Vì \(\frac{2}{5}< \frac{1}{2}\) ⇒ NaOH dư

Ta có: \(m_{dd}saupư=8,8+200=208,8\left(g\right)\)

Theo pT: \(n_{NaOH}pư=2n_{CO_2}=2\times0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}dư=0,5-0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{NaOH}dư=0,1\times40=4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaOH}=\frac{4}{208,8}\times100\%=1,92\%\)

Theo Pt: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,2\times106=21,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\frac{21,2}{208,8}\times100\%=10,15\%\)

Bài 7:

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối

PTHH: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)

                 a_______2a__________a              (mol)

            \(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)

                 b_______b__________b       (mol)

Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,15\\2a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{CO_2}+m_{ddNaOH}=0,15\cdot44+200\cdot1,25=256,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot106}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,1\%\\C\%_{NaHCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot72}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 8:

PTHH: \(RCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow R\left(NO_3\right)_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)

Giả sử \(n_{RCO_3}=1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=2\left(mol\right)\\n_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{CO_2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHNO_3}=\dfrac{2\cdot63}{20\%}=630\left(g\right)\\m_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=R+124\left(g\right)\\m_{CO_2}=44\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{124+R}{R+60+630-44}=0,26582\)

\(\Leftrightarrow R=65\) (Kẽm) \(\Rightarrow\) CTHH của muối cacbonat là ZnCO₃