\(a+c=2b\\ \Leftrightarrow d\left(a+c\right)=2bd\\\Leftrightarrow d\left(a+c\right)=c\left(b+d\right) \\ \Leftrightarrow ad+cd=cb+cd\\ \Leftrightarrow ad=cb\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

Ta có:

\(a+c=2b_{\left(1\right)}.\)

\(2bd=c\left(b+d\right)_{\left(2\right)}.\)

Từ \(_{\left(1\right)}\) và \(_{\left(2\right)}\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right)d=c\left(b+d\right).\)

\(\Rightarrow ad+cd=cb+cd\) (t/c phân phối).

\(\Rightarrow ad=bc\) (rút gọn cả 2 vế cho \(cd\)).

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) (t/c cơ bản của tỉ lệ thức).

\(\Rightarrowđpcm.\)

Thay a+c=2b vào 2bd=c(b+d) ta có:

(a+c)d=cd+cb

<=> ad+cd=cd+cb

<=> ad=cb

<=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

Bài 1 :

Ta có :

\(a+c=2b\left(1\right)\)

\(2bd=c\left(b+d\right)\left(2\right)\)

Thay \(\left(1\right)\) vào \(\left(2\right)\) ta được :

\(\left(a+c\right)d=c\left(b+d\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ad+cd=cb+cd\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ad=cb\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\rightarrowđpcm\)

Bài 2 :

\(a,\dfrac{2.5^{22}-9.5^{21}}{25^{10}}\)

\(=\dfrac{5^{21}\left(2.5-9\right)}{5^{20}}\)

\(=5\left(10-9\right)\)

\(=5\)

b, \(\dfrac{5\left(3.7^{15}-19.17^{14}\right)}{7^{14}+3.7^{15}}\)

\(=\dfrac{5.2.7^{14}}{10.7^{15}}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{7}\)

a.Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\dfrac{4\left(bk\right)^4+5b^4}{4\left(dk\right)^4+5d^4}=\dfrac{b^4\left(4k^4+5\right)}{d^4\left(4k^4+5\right)}=\dfrac{b^4}{d^4}\)(1)

\(\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c^2d^2}=\dfrac{k^2b^2b^2}{k^2d^2d^2}=\dfrac{b^4}{d^4}\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra: \(\dfrac{4a^4+5b^4}{4c^4+5d^4}=\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c^2d^2}\)

b.Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\dfrac{\left(bk\right)^{2004}-b^{2004}}{\left(bk\right)^{2004}+b^{2004}}=\dfrac{b^{2004}\left(k^{2004}-1\right)}{b^{2004}\left(k^{2004}+1\right)}=\dfrac{k^{2004}-1}{k^{2004}+1}\) (1)

\(\dfrac{\left(dk\right)^{2004}-d^{2004}}{\left(dk\right)^{2004}+d^{2004}}=\dfrac{d^{2004}\left(k^{2004}-1\right)}{d^{2004}\left(k^{2004}+1\right)}=\dfrac{k^{2004}-1}{k^{2004}+1}\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra: \(\dfrac{a^{2004}-b^{2004}}{a^{2004}+b^{2004}}=\dfrac{c^{2004}-d^{2004}}{c^{2004}+d^{2004}}\)

Đặt: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4a^4+5b^4}{4c^4+5d^4}=\dfrac{4b^4k^4+5b^4}{4d^4k^4+5d^4}=\dfrac{b^4\left(4k^4+5\right)}{d^4\left(k^4+5\right)}=\dfrac{b^4}{d^4}\\\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c^2d^2}=\dfrac{bk^2b^2}{dk^2d^2}=\dfrac{k^2b^4}{k^2d^4}=\dfrac{b^4}{d^4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy.....

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a^{2004}-b^{2004}}{a^{2004}+b^{2004}}=\dfrac{b^{2004}k^{2004}-b^{2004}}{b^{2004}k^{2004}+b^{2004}}=\dfrac{b^{2004}\left(k^{2004}-1\right)}{b^{2004}\left(k^{2004}+1\right)}=\dfrac{k^{2004}-1}{k^{2004}+1}\\\dfrac{c^{2004}-d^{2004}}{c^{2004}+d^{2004}}=\dfrac{d^{2004}k^{2004}-d^{2004}}{d^{2004}k^{2004}+d^{2004}}=\dfrac{d^{2004}\left(k^{2004}-1\right)}{d^{2004}\left(k^{2004}+1\right)}=\dfrac{k^{2004}-1}{k^{2004}+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy....

Theo đề bài, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a^4}{c^4}=\dfrac{b^4}{d^4}=\dfrac{4a^4}{4c^4}=\dfrac{5b^4}{5d^4}=\dfrac{4a^4+5b^4}{4c^4+5d^4}\left(1\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{a^2b^2}{b^4}=\dfrac{c^2d^2}{d^4}=\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c^2d^2}=\dfrac{b^4}{d^4}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4a^4+5b^4}{4c^4+5d^4}=\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c^2d^2}\)(đpcm)
b/ Theo đề bài, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a^{2004}}{c^{2004}}=\dfrac{b^{2004}}{d^{2004}}=\dfrac{a^{2004}+b^{2004}}{c^{2004}+d^{2004}}\left(1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^{2004}}{c^{2004}}=\dfrac{b^{2004}}{d^{2004}}=\dfrac{a^{2004}-b^{2004}}{c^{2004}-d^{2004}}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^{2004}+b^{2004}}{c^{2004}+d^{2004}}=\dfrac{a^{2004}-b^{2004}}{c^{2004}-d^{2004}}=\dfrac{a^{2004}-b^{2004}}{a^{2004}+b^{2004}}=\dfrac{c^{2004}-d^{2004}}{c^{2004}+d^{2004}}\left(đpcm\right)\)

a) x⁴+x³+2x²+x+1=(x⁴+x³+x²)+(x²+x+1)=x²(x²+x+1)+(x²+x+1)=(x²+x+1)(x²+1)

b)a³+b³+c³-3abc=a³+3ab(a+b)+b³+c³ -(3ab(a+b)+3abc)=(a+b)³+c³-3ab(a+b+c)

=(a+b+c)((a+b)²-(a+b)c+c²)-3ab(a+b+c)=(a+b+c)(a²+2ab+b²-ac-ab+c²-3ab)=(a+b+c)(a²+b²+c²-ab-ac-bc)

c)Đặt x-y=a;y-z=b;z-x=c

a+b+c=x-y-z+z-x=o

đưa về như bài b

d)nhóm 2 hạng tử đầu lại và 2hangj tử sau lại để 2 hạng tử sau ở trong ngoặc sau đó áp dụng hằng đẳng thức dề tính sau đó dặt nhân tử chung

e)x²(y-z)+y²(z-x)+z²(x-y)=x²(y-z)-y²((y-z)+(x-y))+z²(x-y)

=x²(y-z)-y²(y-z)-y²(x-y)+z²(x-y)=(y-z)(x²-y²)-(x-y)(y²-z²)=(y-z)(x²-2y²+xy+xz+yz)

2bd = c(b+d)

=> (a+c)d=c(b+d)

=>ad+cd=bc+cd

=>ad=bc

=> \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)