Lời giải:

1. 

PT $\Leftrightarrow (x^2+5x)^2+2(x^2+5x)-24=0$

$\Leftrightarrow t^2+2t-24=0$ (đặt $x^2+5x=t$)

$\Leftrightarrow (t-4)(t+6)=0$

$\Rightarrow t-4=0$ hoặc $t+6=0$

Nếu $t-4=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x-4=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-5\pm \sqrt{41}}{2}$

Nếu $t+6=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+6=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x+2)(x+3)=0\Rightarrow x=-2$ hoặc $x=-3$

2.

PT $\Leftrightarrow (x^2-4x+1)^2+2(x^2-4x+1)-3=0$

$\Leftrightarrow t^2+2t-3=0$ (đặt $x^2-4x+1=t$)

$\Leftrightarrow (t-1)(t+3)=0$

$\Rightarrow t-1=0$ hoặc $t+3=0$

Nếu $t-1=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x=0\Leftrightarrow x(x-4)=0$

$\Rightarrow x=0$ hoặc $x=4$

Nếu $t+3=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+4=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-2)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2$

câu a tự quy đồng cùng  mẫu rồi làm thôi :"))

b) \(\left[x.\left(x-1\right)\right].\left[\left(x-2\right).\left(x+1\right)\right]=24\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x\right).\left(x^2-x-2\right)=24\)

Đặt \(x^2-x=k\), ta có:

\(k.\left(k-2\right)=24\)

\(\Leftrightarrow k^2-2k+1=25\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(k-1\right)^2=5^2\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}k-1=5\\k-1=-5\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}k=6\\k=-4\end{cases}}}\)

\(k=6\Rightarrow x^2-x=6\Rightarrow x^2-x-6=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2-3x+2x-6=0\Rightarrow x.\left(x-3\right)+2.\left(x-3\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2\right).\left(x-3\right)=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-2\\x=3\end{cases}}\)

\(k=-4\Rightarrow x^2-x+4=0\Rightarrow x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{15}{4}=0\Rightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=-\frac{15}{4}\left(\text{loại}\right)\)

c)\(x^4+2x^3+5x^2+4x-12=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+2x^3+2x^2+4x+3x^2-12=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3.\left(x+2\right)+2x.\left(x+2\right)+3.\left(x^2-2^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right).\left(x^3+5x-6\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right).\left(x^3-x^2+x^2-x+6x-6\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right).\left[x^2.\left(x-1\right)+x.\left(x-1\right)+6.\left(x-1\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right).\left(x-1\right).\left(x^2+x+6\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-2\\x=1\end{cases}\text{vì }x^2+x+6>0\left(\text{tự c/m}\right)}\)

p/s: bn tự kết luận nha :))

a,ĐK: x≥-1

Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^2+5x+4}\left(t\ge0\right)\)

  ⇒ \(t^2+t-6=0\)

  \(\Leftrightarrow\left(t+3\right)\left(t-2\right)=0\)

  \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-3\left(loại\right)\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

  \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+5x+4}=2\)

  \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+4=4\)

  \(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+5\right)=0\)

  \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(tm\right)\\x=-5\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b,ĐK: \(0\le x\le2\)

Ta có: \(\left(x+5\right)\left(2-x\right)=3\sqrt{x^2+3x}\)

    \(\Leftrightarrow-x^2-3x+10=3\sqrt{x^2+3x}\)     (1)

Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^2+3x}\left(t\ge0\right)\)

  \(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow-t^2+10-3t=0\)  

             \(\Leftrightarrow\left(t+5\right)\left(2-t\right)=0\)

             \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-5\left(loại\right)\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

             \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+3x}=2\)

             \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x=4\)

             \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+4\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)

             \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-4\left(loại\right)\\x=1\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

a/ Đặt (x^2 - 5x) = a thì ta có

a^2 + 10a + 24 = 0

<=> (a + 4)(a + 6) = 0

Làm nốt

b/ (x - 4)(x - 5)(x - 6)(x - 7) = 1680

<=> (x - 4)(x - 7)(x - 5)(x - 6) = 1680

<=> (x^2 - 11x + 28)(x^2 - 11x + 30) = 1680

Đặt x^2 - 11x + 28 = a thì ta có

a(a + 2) = 1680

<=> (a - 40)(a + 42) = 0

Làm nốt

c/ (x + 1)^4 + (x - 1)^4 = 82

<=> x^4 + 6x^2 - 40 = 0

Đặt x^2 = a

=> a^2 + 6a - 40 = 0

<=> (a - 4)(a + 10) = 0

a, ĐK: \(x\ge1\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{5x-1}=a;\sqrt{x-1}=b\left(a,b\ge0\right)\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}-ab\right)=a^2-b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2=2\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a-b-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a=b+2\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: \(a=b\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x-1}=\sqrt{x-1}\Leftrightarrow x=0\left(l\right)\)

TH2: \(a=b+2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x-1}=\sqrt{x-1}+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x-1=x-1+4+4\sqrt{x-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x-4-4\sqrt{x-1}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x-4-4\sqrt{x-1}+1=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x-1}-1=1\\2\sqrt{x-1}-1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=1\\\sqrt{x-1}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

2) pt đề bài cho=0

<=> \(\left(x-1\right)^2\left(2x^2-x+2\right)\)=0

<=>\(\orbr{\begin{cases}x-1=0\left(1\right)\\2x^2-x+2=0\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)

Từ 1 => x=1

từ 2 =>\(2\left(x^2-\frac{1}{2}x+1\right)\)

 =\(2\left[\left(x-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2+\frac{15}{16}\right]>0\)với mọi x

Nên pt 2 cô nghiệm

Vậy pt đề cho có nghiệm là 1

1) \(x^3-3x^2+2=\left(x-1\right)\left(2^2-x+2\right)=0\)

3/ x(x + 3)(x + 1)(x + 2) = 24

   => (x² + 3x)(x² + 3x + 2) = 24

   Đặt a = x² + 3x ta được pt: a(a + 2) = 24 => a² + 2a - 24 = 0 => a = 4 hoặc a = -6

                                                         Vậy x = 1 , x = -4

4/ (x + 1)⁴ + (x + 3)⁴ = 2

    Đặt a = x + 2 ta được: (a - 1)⁴ + (a + 1)⁴ = 2

 \(\Rightarrow\left[\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(a+1\right)^2\right]^2-2\left(a-1\right)^2\left(a+1\right)^2=2\)

 \(\Rightarrow\left[\left(a-1+a+1\right)^2-2\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\right]^2-2\left(a^2-1\right)^2=0\)

 \(\Rightarrow\left[\left(2a\right)^2-2\left(a^2-1\right)\right]^2-2\left(a^2-1\right)^2=0\)

 \(\Rightarrow\left[4a^2-2\left(a^2-1\right)+\sqrt{2}\left(a^2-1\right)\right]\left[4a^2-2\left(a^2-1\right)-\sqrt{2}\left(a^2-1\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)a^2+2-\sqrt{2}\right]\left[\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)a^2+2+\sqrt{2}\right]=0\)

                                          Tới đây bạn giải ra a rồi tính ra x nha