a)

\(SO_3 + H_2O \to H_2SO_4\)

Theo PTHH : \(n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{SO_2} = \dfrac{8}{80} = 0,1(mol)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,1.98}{200}.100\% = 4,9\%\)

b)

\(2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O\)

Theo PTHH : \(n_{NaOH} = 2n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd\ NaOH} = \dfrac{0,2.40}{4\%} = 200(gam)\)

\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{4.6}{23}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)

\(0.2......................0.2.......0.1\)

\(V_{H_2}=0.1\cdot22.4=2.24\left(l\right)\)

Dung dịch X : NaOH 

\(m_{dd_X}=4.6+200-0.1\cdot2=204.4\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot40}{204.4}\cdot100\%=3.9\%\%\)

a) $2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$

n Na = 4,6/23 = 0,2(mol)
n H2 = 1/2 n Na = 0,1(mol)

V H2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)

c) Dung dịch X là dd NaOH

n NaOH = n Na = 0,2(mol)

C% NaOH = 0,2.40/200   .100% = 4%

2X + 2H2O => 2XOH + H2

nH2 = 0,015 mol => nX = 2nH2 = 0,03

=> M_X= 1,17/0,03 = 39 => Kali

2K+ 2H2O=> 2KOH + H2

KOH + HCl=> KCl + H2O

ta thấy nHCl=nKOH=n K = 0,03

=> C% HCl = \(\frac{0,03.36,5}{200}\) . 100% = 0,5475%

PTHH: 2X+2H₂O ---->2XOH +H₂

_{mol: 0.03 <--0.03 0.015}

_{---->>X=1.17/0.03=39(K)}

_{KOH + HCl ------> KCl + H2}

_{mol: 0,03--->0,03}

C%HCl= 0,03.36,5:200=0,547%

a)m_H2SO4=\(\dfrac{200.7,3\text{%}}{100\%}\)=14,6g

n_HCl=\(\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}\)=0,4(mol)

PTHH:

NaOH+ HCl→ NaCl+ H₂O

1            1            1         1

0,4        0,4         0,4     (mol)

⇒m_NaOH=0,4.40=16(g)

Nồng độ % của dd NaOH cần dùng là:

C_%NaOH=\(\dfrac{16}{200}\)   .100%=8%

b)Ta có:m_{dd spứ}=m_{dd trc pứ}=400g

m_NaCl=0,4.58,5=23,4g

Nồng độ % dd muối tạo thành sau pứ là:

C_%dd NaCl=\(\dfrac{23,4}{400}\)   .100%=5,85%        

a) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) 
   1       2           1        1    (mol)

0,2      0,4        0,2     0,2   (mol)

b) Thể tích khí hidro:

V = n.22,4 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)

c) Khối lượng muối tạo thành:

\(m_{ZnCl_2}=n.M=0,2.\left(65+35,5.2\right)=27,2\left(g\right)\)

d) \(m_{ctHCl}=n.M=0,4.\left(1+35,5\right)=14,6\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{ctHCl}}{m_{ddHCl}}.100\%=\dfrac{14,6}{200}.100\%=7,3\%\)

a) Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑

b) 

Bài 6:

\(R_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2ROH\\ n_{ROH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{R_2O}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow M_{R_2O}=\dfrac{6,2}{0,1}=62\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\Lại.có:M_{R_2O}=2M_R+16\\ \Rightarrow2M_R+16=62\\ \Leftrightarrow M_R=23\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow R\left(I\right):Natri\left(Na=23\right)\)

Bài 7:

\(n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100\approx49,091\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx50,909\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 8:

\(a.n_{H_2}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,03=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al}=0,02.27=0,54\left(g\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=2,58-0,54=2,04\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2,04}{2,58}.100\approx79,07\%\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,54}{2,58}.100\approx20,93\%\\ b.Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ \Sigma m_{H_2SO_4}=98.\left(0,03+3.\dfrac{2,04}{102}\right)=8,82\left(g\right)\\ a=m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{8,82.100}{9,8}=90\left(g\right)\)

\(c.m_{ddsau}=2,58+90-0,03.2=92,52\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{0,03}{3}+\dfrac{2,04}{102}\right).342}{92,52}.100\approx11,089\%\)

\(KL:A\left(II\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ A+2H_2O\rightarrow A\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\\ n_A=n_{AOH}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{10}{0,25}=40\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A\left(II\right):Canxi\left(Ca=40\right)\\ m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=74.0,25=18,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}=10+200-0,25.2=209,5\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{18,5}{209,5}.100\approx8,831\%\)