VIII) Read the following passage and choose the best answer: Computing is now at the same stage as printing was when the first printing presses were used. Before printing presses were invented, only rich people like kings and dukes could afford to buy books. Often these people were unable to read and hadn’t enough time to learn. In any case, the books were so big that it was difficult for anyone to relax with a book as we do today. They wanted booked because they were expensive and there was something magical about them. Only a few people were able to write, and it took an extremely long time to write a book. Monks and other people who could write said ordinary people could not learn to read. The position with computers is very similar today. A few years ago, computers were very large and expensive. Business managers and rich people ordered them but they didn’t know how to use them. In many countries, however, the situation has now completely changed. Lots of people not only own microcomputer but also know how to use them. Questions:                                1) What happened before printing presses were invented? -                                 2) Why were books wanted before printing presses were invented? -                               3) What is common feature of a book and a computer? - 4) What situation has thoroughly changed nowadays? -

Read the following passage and choose the best answer:

Computing is now at the same stage as printing was when the first printing presses were used. Before printing presses were invented, only rich people like kings and dukes could afford to buy books. Often these people were unable to read and hadn’t enough time to learn. In any case, the books were so big that it was difficult for anyone to relax with a book as we do today. They wanted booked because they were expensive and there was something magical about them. Only a few people were able to write, and it took an extremely long time to write a book. Monks and other people who could write said ordinary people could not learn to read.

The position with computers is very similar today. A few years ago, computers were very large and expensive. Business managers and rich people ordered them but they didn’t know how to use them. In many countries,  however, the situation has now completely changed. Lots of people not only own microcomputer but also know how to use them.

Questions:

1) What happened before printing presses were invented?

- __________________________________________________________

2) Why were books wanted before printing presses were invented?

- __________________________________________________________

3) What is common feature of a book and a computer?

- __________________________________________________________

4) What situation has thoroughly changed nowadays?

-        

I. Read the following passage and choose the best answer:

Computing is now at the same stage as printing was when the first printing presses were used. Before printing presses were invented, only rich people like kings and dukes could afford to buy books. Often these people were unable to read and hadn’t enough time to learn. In any case, the books were so big that it was difficult for anyone to relax with a book as we do today. They wanted booked because they were expensive and there was something magical about them. Only a few people were able to write, and it took an extremely long time to write a book. Monks and other people who could write said ordinary people could not learn to read.

The position with computers is very similar today. A few years ago, computers were very large and expensive. Business managers and rich people ordered them but they didn’t know how to use them. In many countries,  however, the situation has now completely changed. Lots of people not only own microcomputer but also know how to use them.

1) What happened before printing presses were invented?

-…………………………………………………………………………………….

2) Why were books wanted before printing presses were invented?

- ……………………………………………………………………………………..

3) What is common feature of a book and a computer?

- ……………They are expensive……………………………………………………

4) What situation has thoroughly changed nowadays?

- …………………………………………………………………………………………

5)When  were computers very large and expensive ? a few year ago

computing is now at the same stage as printing was when the first printing presses were used. before printing presses were invented, only rich people like kings and dukes could afford to buy books. often these people wre unable to read and hadn't enough time to learn. in any case, the books were so big that it was difficult for anyone to relax with a book as we do today. they wanted booked because they wre expensive and there was something magical about them.

 only a few people were able to write, and it took an extremely long time to write a book. monks and other people who could write said ordinary people could not learn to read.

the position with computers is very similar today. a few years ago, computers were very large and expensive. business managers and rich people ordered them but they didn't know how to use them. in many countries, however, the situation has now completely changed. lots of people not only own miccrocomputer but also know how to use them.

1.what is common feature of a book and a computer?

2. what situation has thoroughly changed nowadays?

3. is the position with computers very similar now?

Read the following passage and choose the best answer:

Computing is now at the same stage as printing was when the first printing presses were used. Before printing presses were invented, only rich people like kings and dukes could afford to buy books. Often these people were unable to read and hadn’t enough time to learn. In any case, the books were so big that it was difficult for anyone to relax with a book as we do today. They wanted booked because they were expensive and there was something magical about them. Only a few people were able to write, and it took an extremely long time to write a book. Monks and other people who could write said ordinary people could not learn to read.

The position with computers is very similar today. A few years ago, computers were very large and expensive. Business managers and rich people ordered them but they didn’t know how to use them. In many countries, however, the situation has now completely changed. Lots of people not only own microcomputer but also know how to use them.

Questions:

1) What happened before printing presses were invented?

- __________________________________________________________

2) Why were books wanted before printing presses were invented?

- __________________________________________________________

3) What is common feature of a book and a computer?

- __________________________________________________________

4) What situation has thoroughly changed nowadays?

- __________________________________________________________

Fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the space provided. (2.0 points)                       

Computing is now at the (1) ___________ stage as printing was when the first printing presses were used. (2) ___________ printing presses were invented, only rich people like kings and dukes could afford to buy books. Often these (3) ___________ were unable to read and hadn’t got enough time to learn. In any case, the books were so big that it was difficult for anyone to relax with a book (4) ___________ we do today. They wanted books (5) ___________ they were expensive and there was something magical about them. Only a few people were able to (6) ___________, and it took an extremely long time to write a book. Monks and other people who could write said ordinary people could not learn to read.

The position with computers is very similar today. A few years (7) ___________, computers were very large and expensive. Business managers and rich people ordered them but (8) ___________ didn’t know how to (9) ___________ them. In many (10) ___________,  however, the situation has now completely changed. Lots of people not only own microcomputer but also know how to use them.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 33 to 37.

ENGLISH SPEELING

Why does English spelling have a reputation for being difficult? English was first written down when Christian monks came to England in Anglo-Saxon (33) ______. They used the 23 letters of Latin to write down the sounds of Anglo-Saxon speech as they heard it. However, English has a (34) _____ range of basic sounds (over 40) than Latin. The alphabet was too small, and so combinations of letters were needed to express the different sounds. Inevitably, there were inconsistencies in the way that letters were combined.

With the Norman invasion of England, the English language was put at risk. English survived, but the spelling of many English words changed to follow French (35) _____, and many French words were introduced into the language. The result was more irregularity.

When the printing press was invented in the fifteenth century, many early printers of English texts spoke other first languages. They made little effort to respect English spelling. Although one of the shortterm (36) _____ of printing was to produce a number of variant spellings, in the long term it created fixed spellings. People became used to seeing words spelt in the same way. Rules were drawn up, and dictionaries were put together which printers and writers could refer to. However, spoken English was not fixed and continued to change slowly - just as it still does now. Letters that were sounded in the Anglo- Saxon period, like the 'k' in 'knife', now became (37) _____. Also, the pronunciation of vowels then had little in common with how they sound now, but the way they are spelt hasn't changed. No wonder, then, that it is often difficult to see the link between sound and spelling.

Điền vào ô số 33

A. centuries

B. times       

C. ages        

D. years 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 33 to 37.

ENGLISH SPEELING

Why does English spelling have a reputation for being difficult? English was first written down when Christian monks came to England in Anglo-Saxon (33) ______. They used the 23 letters of Latin to write down the sounds of Anglo-Saxon speech as they heard it. However, English has a (34) _____ range of basic sounds (over 40) than Latin. The alphabet was too small, and so combinations of letters were needed to express the different sounds. Inevitably, there were inconsistencies in the way that letters were combined.

With the Norman invasion of England, the English language was put at risk. English survived, but the spelling of many English words changed to follow French (35) _____, and many French words were introduced into the language. The result was more irregularity.

When the printing press was invented in the fifteenth century, many early printers of English texts spoke other first languages. They made little effort to respect English spelling. Although one of the shortterm (36) _____ of printing was to produce a number of variant spellings, in the long term it created fixed spellings. People became used to seeing words spelt in the same way. Rules were drawn up, and dictionaries were put together which printers and writers could refer to. However, spoken English was not fixed and continued to change slowly - just as it still does now. Letters that were sounded in the Anglo- Saxon period, like the 'k' in 'knife', now became (37) _____. Also, the pronunciation of vowels then had little in common with how they sound now, but the way they are spelt hasn't changed. No wonder, then, that it is often difficult to see the link between sound and spelling.

Điền vào ô số 36

A. conclusions     

B. actions    

C. meanings

D. effects