Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:

\(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+d}+\dfrac{d^2}{a+d}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+d+d+a}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}=VP\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Bài 1:

\(3^{-1}.3^n+4.3^n=13.3^5\)

\(\Rightarrow3^{n-1}+4.3.3^{n-1}=13.3^5\)

\(\Rightarrow3^{n-1}\left(1+4.3\right)=13.3^5\)

\(\Rightarrow3^{n-1}.13=13.3^5\)

\(\Rightarrow3^{n-1}=3^5\)

\(\Rightarrow n-1=5\)

\(\Rightarrow n=6\)

Vậy n = 6

Bài 2a: Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Trọng Phúc - Toán lớp 7 | Học trực tuyến

b) Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1^2}{a}+\dfrac{1^2}{b}+\dfrac{1^2}{c}+\dfrac{1^2}{d}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)

Dấu = xảy rakhi a=b=c=d

CM : bn tự chứng minh

Áp dụng:

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}+\dfrac{16}{d}=\dfrac{1^2}{a}+\dfrac{1^2}{b}+\dfrac{2^2}{c}+\dfrac{4^2}{d}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+2+4\right)^2}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{64}{a+b+c+d}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{c}{2}=\dfrac{d}{4}\)

Sửa: CMR \(\dfrac{a^3+c^3+m^3}{b^3+d^3+n^3}=\left(\dfrac{a+c-m}{b+d-n}\right)^3\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{m}{n}=k\Rightarrow a=kb;c=kd;m=kn\)

\(\dfrac{a^3+c^3+m^3}{b^3+d^3+n^3}=\dfrac{k^3b^3+k^3d^3+k^3n^3}{b^3+d^3+n^3}=\dfrac{k^3\left(b^3+d^3+n^3\right)}{b^3+d^3+n^3}=k^3\)

\(\left(\dfrac{a+c-m}{b+d-m}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{kb+kd-kn}{b+d-n}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{k\left(b+d-n\right)}{b+d-n}\right)^3=k^3\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+c^3+m^3}{b^3+d^3+n^3}=\left(\dfrac{a+c-m}{b+d-n}\right)^3\left(=k^3\right)\)

\(VT=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{\left(b+d\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}+\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+d\right)}+\dfrac{\left(d+b\right)^2}{\left(d+a\right)\left(d+b\right)}\)

\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(2a+2b+2c+2d\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b+d\right)+\left(a+c\right)\left(c+d\right)+\left(a+d\right)\left(b+d\right)}=\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=4\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d\)

\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+d}+\dfrac{d}{d+a}=2\)

\(1-\dfrac{a}{a+b}-\dfrac{b}{b+c}+1-\dfrac{c}{c+d}-\dfrac{d}{d+a}=0\)

\(\dfrac{b}{a+b}-\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{d}{c+d}-\dfrac{d}{d+a}=0\)

\(\dfrac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)

<=>b(c+d)(d+a)+d(a+b)(b+c)=0 (vì c≠a)

<=>abc-acd+bd²-b²d=0

<=> (b-d)(ac-bd)=0 <=> ac - bd =0 (vì b≠d) <=> ac = bd

Vậy abcd =(ac)(bd)=(ac)²