a

\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)

0,2 -------------------->0,2

b

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Trước khi làm lạnh:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuSO_4}=0,2.160=32\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2O}=114-32=82\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Sau khi làm lạnh:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuSO_4}=32-\dfrac{30,71}{160+18n}.120\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2O}=82-\dfrac{30,71}{160+18n}.18n\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Có:

\(\left(82-\dfrac{30,71}{160+18n}.18n\right).17,4=\left(32-\dfrac{30,71}{160+18n}.120\right).100\)

=> n = 2

Công thức tinh thể CuSO₄.nH₂O: \(CuSO_4.2H_2O\)

n CuO = 64/80 = 0,8(mol)

CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O

0,8..........0,8............0,8.................(mol)

m dd H2SO4 = 0,8.98/20% = 392 gam

=> mdd sau pư = m CuO + mdd H2SO4 = 64 + 392 = 456 gam

Gọi n CuSO4.5H2O = a(mol)

CuSO4 + 5H2O → CuSO4.5H2O

a................5a...................a............(mol)

Sau khi tách tinh thể: 

n CuSO4 = 0,8 - a(mol)

m dd = m dd sau pư - m CuSO4.5H2O = 456 - 250a(gam)

Suy ra :

C% = S/(S + 100).100%

<=> 160(0,8 - a)/(456 -250a) = 25/(25+100)

<=>a = 0,3345

=> m CuSO4.5H2O = 0,3345.250 = 83,625 gam

`Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2`

`n_{HCl}={50.14,6\%}/{36,5}=0,2(mol)`

Theo PT: `n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,2(mol)`

`->m_{dd\ X}=0,2.56+50-0,2.2=60,8(g)`

`n_{FeCl_{2}.4H_2O}={4,975}/{199}=0,025(mol)`

`->n_{FeCl_2\ tach}=0,025(mol)`

`->C\%_{FeCl_2(Y)}={(0,2-0,025).127}/{60,8-4,975}.100\%\approx 39,81\%`

$n_{CuO} = 0,2(mol)$

\(CuO+H_2SO_4\text{→}CuSO_4+H_2O\)

0,2               0,2            0,2                                        (mol)

$m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,2.98}{20\%} = 98(gam)$
$m_{dd\ A}  =16 + 98 = 114(gam)$

Gọi $n_{CuSO_4.5H_2O} = a(mol)$

Sau khi tách tinh thể : 

$n_{CuSO_4} = 0,2 - a(mol)$
$m_{dd} = 114 - 250a(gam)$

Suy ra: 

$\dfrac{(0,2 - a).160}{114 - 250a} = \dfrac{17,4}{17,4 + 100}$
$\Rightarrow a = 0,1228(mol)$
$m = 0,1228.250 = 30,7(gam)$

a) PTHH: \(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)

Ta có: \(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot98}{20\%}=147\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{147}{1,14}\approx128,95\left(ml\right)\)

b) PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{FeSO_4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,3\cdot56=16,8\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot24,76=7,428\left(l\right)\\m_{FeSO_4}=0,3\cdot152=45,6\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Fe}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=163,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{45,6}{163,2}\cdot100\%\approx27,94\%\)

\(2RS+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2RO+2SO_2\)

\(RO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow RSO_4+H_2O\)

Giả sử : 

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{98}{24.5\%}=400\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{\text{dung dịch muối}}=R+16+400=R+416\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{RSO_4}=\dfrac{R+96}{R+416}\cdot100\%=33.33\%\)

\(\Rightarrow R=64\)

\(R:Cu\)

\(n_{CuS}=\dfrac{12}{96}=0.125\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuS}=0.125\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{CuSO_4}=0.125\cdot160=20\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd}=0.125\cdot80+\dfrac{0.125\cdot98}{24.5\%}=60\left(g\right)\)

Khối lượng dung dịch bão hòa còn lại :

\(60-15.625=44.375\left(g\right)\)

\(CT:CuSO_4\cdot nH_2O\)

\(m_{CuSO_4}=m\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%=\dfrac{m}{44.375}\cdot100\%=22.54\%\)

\(\Rightarrow m=10\)

\(m_{CuSO_4\left(tt\right)}=20-10=10\left(g\right)\)

\(\dfrac{10}{15.625}=\dfrac{160}{M_{tt}}\)

\(\Rightarrow M_{tt}=250\)

\(\Rightarrow n=5\)

\(CT:CuSO_4\cdot5H_2O\)

$2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO$
$2Cu + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CuO$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$

$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
$CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O$
$Al_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O$

Gọi $n_{MgO} = a(mol) ; n_{CuO} = b(mol) ; n_{Al_2O_3} = c(mol)$

Bảo toàn khối lượng : $m_{O_2} = 23,2 - 16,8 = 6,4(gam)$
$n_{O_2} = 0,2(mol)$

$\Rightarrow 0,5a + 0,5b + 1,5c = 0,2(1)$

Theo PTHH : 

$n_{HCl} =2 n_{MgO} + 2n_{CuO} + 6n_{Al_2O_3} = 0,8(theo (1))$

Suy ra : $V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,8}{2} = 0,4(lít)$