Tính: \(\left(1-\dfrac{2}{2\cdot3}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{2}{3\cdot4}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{2}{4\cdot5}\right)...\left(1-\dfrac{2}{99\cdot100}\right)\)
Tính nhanh:
A= \(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1\cdot3}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot4}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot5}\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{99\cdot100}\right)\)
Kiểm tra lại đề xem thừa số cuối có đúng quy luật của dãy không.
Tìm x, biết \(\left|x+\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}\right|+\left|x+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}\right|+\left|x+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}\right|+...+\left|x+\dfrac{1}{99\cdot100}\right|=100x\)
Vì \(\left|x+\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}\right|+\left|x+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}\right|+...+\left|x+\dfrac{1}{99\cdot100}\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow100x\ge0\Rightarrow x\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x+\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}\right|+...+\left|x+\dfrac{1}{99\cdot100}\right|=x+\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+...+x+\dfrac{1}{99\cdot100}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+x+...+x\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+...+\dfrac{1}{99\cdot100}\right)=100x\)
\(\Rightarrow99x+\left(\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99\cdot100}\right)=100x\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99\cdot100}=x\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}=x\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1-\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{99}{100}\)
Tính tổng:
\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1\cdot3}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot4}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot5}\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2019\cdot2021}\right)\)
Biến đổi thừa số tổng quát: \(1+\dfrac{1}{\left(k-1\right)\left(k+1\right)}\) \(=\dfrac{\left(k-1\right)\left(k+1\right)+1}{\left(k-1\right)\left(k+1\right)}\) \(=\dfrac{k^2}{\left(k-1\right)\left(k+1\right)}\).
Do đó \(1+\dfrac{1}{1.3}=\dfrac{2^2}{1.3}\), \(1+\dfrac{1}{2.4}=\dfrac{3^2}{2.4}\), \(1+\dfrac{1}{3.5}=\dfrac{4^2}{3.5}\),..., \(1+\dfrac{1}{2018.2020}=\dfrac{2019^2}{2018.2020}\), \(1+\dfrac{1}{2019.2021}=\dfrac{2020^2}{2019.2021}\). Từ đó suy ra \(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1.3}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2.4}\right)...\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2019.2021}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{2^2}{1.3}.\dfrac{3^2}{2.4}.\dfrac{4^2}{3.5}.\dfrac{5^2}{4.6}.\dfrac{6^2}{5.7}...\dfrac{2019^2}{2018.2020}.\dfrac{2020^2}{2019.2021}\)
\(=\dfrac{2.2020}{2021}=\dfrac{4040}{2021}\)
\(B=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1\cdot3}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot4}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot5}\right).....\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2021\cdot2023}\right)\)
\(B=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1.3}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2.4}\right)...\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2021.2023}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{1.3}.\dfrac{9}{2.4}...\dfrac{4088484}{2021.2023}\)
\(=\dfrac{2.2}{1.3}.\dfrac{3.3}{2.4}...\dfrac{2022.2022}{2021.2023}\)
\(=\dfrac{2.2022}{1.2023}\)
1/S=\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
2/B=\(\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2007}\right)\)
3/C=\(\dfrac{2^2}{1\cdot3}\cdot\dfrac{3^2}{2\cdot4}\cdot\dfrac{4^2}{3\cdot5}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{100^2}{99\cdot101}\)
1: \(S=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{4}{3}\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{101}{100}=\dfrac{101}{2}\)
2: \(B=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{2006}{2007}=\dfrac{1}{2007}\)
Tính tổng: \(B=\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4\cdot5}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
Làm theo hướng dẫn: \(\dfrac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{k}+\dfrac{1}{k+2}\right)-\dfrac{1}{k+1}\)
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{k(k+1)(k+2)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{k(k+1)(k+2)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{(k+2)-k}{k(k+1)(k+2)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{k+2}{k(k+1)(k+2)}-\frac{k}{k(k+1)(k+2)}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{k(k+1)}-\frac{1}{(k+1)(k+2)}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\frac{1}{1.2.3}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2.3.4}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{3.4.5}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}\right)\)
.......
\(\frac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{n(n+1)}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{n(n+1)}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)}\right)=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{2(n+1)(n+2)}\)
Tính giá trị của biểu thức sau:
\(D=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1\cdot3}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot4}\right)\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot5}\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2019\cdot2021}\right)\)
\(D=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1.3}\right).\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2.4}\right)...\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2019.2021}\right)=\dfrac{4}{1.3}.\dfrac{9}{2.4}...\dfrac{2019.2021+1}{2019.2021}=\dfrac{2.2}{1.3}.\dfrac{3.3}{2.4}...\dfrac{2020.2020}{2019.2021}=\left(\dfrac{2}{1}.\dfrac{3}{2}...\dfrac{2020}{2019}\right).\left(\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{4}...\dfrac{2020}{2021}\right)=2020.\dfrac{2}{2021}=\dfrac{4040}{2021}\)
Tính tổng:
\(B=\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4\cdot5}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
Làm theo hướng dẫn: \(\dfrac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{k}+\dfrac{1}{k+2}\right)-\dfrac{1}{k+1}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\dfrac{2}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}-\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}-\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\cdot\left(n+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{n^2+3n+2-2}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{n\left(n+3\right)}{4\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
Tính tổng:
\(\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4\cdot5}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
Đặt A=\(\dfrac{1}{1.2.3}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3.4.5}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=>2A=\(\dfrac{2}{1.2.3}\)+\(\dfrac{2}{2.3.4}\)+...+\(\dfrac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}-\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}-\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\)\(\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)-2}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{n^2+3n}{2\left(n^2+3n+2\right)}\)
=>A=\(\dfrac{n^2+3n}{4n^2+12n+8}\)