Điều kiện xác định: \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\Rightarrow x\ge0\)và    \(1006\sqrt{x}+1\ne0\Rightarrow1006\sqrt{x}\ne-1\)(Luôn đúng)   

Vậy a có nghĩa khi \(x\ge0\)                                                                                                                                                    \(a=\)\(\frac{2012\sqrt{x}+3}{1006\sqrt{x}+1}\)\(=\frac{2012\sqrt{x}+2+1}{1006\sqrt{x}+1}\)\(=\frac{\left(2012\sqrt{x}+2\right)+1}{1006\sqrt{x}+1}\)\(=\frac{2\left(1006\sqrt{x}+1\right)+1}{1006\sqrt{x}+1}\)\(=\frac{2\left(1006\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{1006\sqrt{x}+1}\)\(+\frac{1}{1006\sqrt{x}+1}\)\(=2+\frac{1}{1006\sqrt{x}+1}\)

Vì 2 \(\varepsilon\)Z. Nên để a \(\varepsilon\)Z thì \(\frac{1}{1006\sqrt{x}+1}\) \(\varepsilon\)Z . Để \(\frac{1}{1006\sqrt{x}+1}\)\(\varepsilon\)Z thì 1\(⋮\)\(1006\sqrt{x}+1\)

\(1006\sqrt{x}+1\)\(\varepsilon\)Ư₍₁₎  mà Ư₍₁₎ =1

\(\Rightarrow\)\(1006\sqrt{x}+1=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(1006\sqrt{x}=0\)\(\sqrt[]{x}=0\Rightarrow x=0\)(Thỏa mãn điều kiện)

Vậy để a là số nguyên thì x=0

1) Ta có: \(P=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}}{x+1}\left(\dfrac{1}{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{1}{1-x}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(x-1\right)}{x+1}\cdot\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1-\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x+1}\cdot\dfrac{2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{x+1}\)

Để \(P=-\dfrac{2}{5}\) thì \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{x+1}=\dfrac{-2}{5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2x-2=5\sqrt{x}-5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2x-2-5\sqrt{x}+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2x-5\sqrt{x}+3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2x-6\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}+3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(-2\sqrt{x}+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{x}+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{x}=-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)(thỏa ĐK)

a: Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{6\sqrt{x}-4}{x-1}-1\)

\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{x}-4-6\sqrt{x}+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}-1\)

\(=\dfrac{x-2\sqrt{x}-x+1}{x-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{-2\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}\)

Bài 5:

\(C=\frac{2\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}-2}=\frac{2(\sqrt{x}-2)+1}{\sqrt{x}-2}=2+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)

Để $C$ nguyên nhỏ nhất thì $\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-2}$ là số nguyên nhỏ nhất.

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{x}-2$ là ước nguyên âm lớn nhất

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{x}-2=-1$

$\Leftrightarrow x=1$ (thỏa mãn đkxđ)

Bài 6:

$D(\sqrt{x}+1)=x-3$

$D^2(x+2\sqrt{x}+1)=(x-3)^2$

$2D^2\sqrt{x}=(x-3)^2-D^2(x+1)$ nguyên 

Với $x$ nguyên ta suy ra $\Rightarrow D=0$ hoặc $\sqrt{x}$ nguyên 

Với $D=0\Leftrightarrow x=3$ (tm)

Với $\sqrt{x}$ nguyên:

$D=\frac{(x-1)-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\sqrt{x}-1-\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}+1}$

$D$ nguyên khi $\sqrt{x}+1$ là ước của $2$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{x}+1\in\left\{1;2\right\}$

$\Leftrightarrow x=0; 1$

Vì $x\neq 1$ nên $x=0$.

Vậy $x=0; 3$

Bài 6: 

Để D nguyên thì \(x-3⋮\sqrt{x}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+1\in\left\{1;2\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;1\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{0;1\right\}\)

a: ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>=0\\x\notin\left\{4;1\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{x-4\sqrt{x}+3-\left(2x-4\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}+2\right)+x+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2x-4\sqrt{x}+5-2x+5\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

a: ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>=0\\x\notin\left\{1;4\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\dfrac{x-2}{x-3\sqrt{x}+2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\dfrac{x-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)+x-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-4\sqrt{x}+3-2x+5\sqrt{x}-2+x-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)

b: Để A>2 thì A-2>0

=>\(\dfrac{1-2\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\sqrt{x}-2}>0\)

=>\(\dfrac{5-2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}>0\)

=>\(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-5}{\sqrt{x}-2}< 0\)

TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x}-5>0\\\sqrt{x}-2< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}>\dfrac{5}{2}\\\sqrt{x}< 2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(x\in\varnothing\)

TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x}-5< 0\\\sqrt{x}-2>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}< \dfrac{5}{2}\\\sqrt{x}>2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(2< \sqrt{x}< \dfrac{5}{2}\)

=>4<x<25/4

c: Để A là số nguyên thì \(1⋮\sqrt{x}-2\)

=>\(\sqrt{x}-2\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)

=>\(\sqrt{x}\in\left\{3;1\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{1;9\right\}\)

kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: x=9

1: Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-9}{x-5\sqrt{x}+6}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+1}{3-\sqrt{x}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-9-\left(x-9\right)+\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-9-x+9+2x-4\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}\)

Để \(A=-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\) thì \(x+\sqrt{x}=-\sqrt{x}+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+2\sqrt{x}-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(nhận\right)\)

2: Để A nguyên thì \(\sqrt{x}+1⋮\sqrt{x}-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-3\in\left\{-1;1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{2;4;5;1;7\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{16;25;1;49\right\}\)

\(A=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{1}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

Để A là số nguyên thì \(\sqrt{x}+1=1\)

hay x=0

Lời giải:
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1+\sqrt{x}}{(\sqrt{x}-1)(\sqrt{x}+1)}.(\sqrt{x}-1)=\frac{2\sqrt{x}+1}{(\sqrt{x}-1)(\sqrt{x}+1)}.(\sqrt{x}-1)=\frac{2\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\frac{2(\sqrt{x}+1)-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}=2-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

Để $A$ nguyên thì $\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}$ nguyên.

Với $x$ nguyên thì điều này xảy ra khi mà $\sqrt{x}+1$ là ước của $1$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{x}+1=1$ (do $\sqrt{x}+1$ dương)

$\Rightarrow x=0$