\(a+b=-c\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)=3abc\)

\(A=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{abc}=3\)

\(N=\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ca\right)^3}{\left(ab\right)\left(bc\right)\left(ca\right)}\)

Đặt \(\left(ab;bc;ca\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\Rightarrow N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}\)

\(N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{3xyz}{xyz}=3\)

\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{b+c}{bc}=\dfrac{c+a}{ca}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{a^2+a^2+a^2}{a^2+a^2+a^2}=1\)

Lời giải:

Xét tử :

\(\frac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}=\frac{a^2}{a^2+bc+(-ab-ac)}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+ac+(-ab-bc)}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+ab+(-bc-ac)}\)

\(=\frac{a^2}{a(a-b)-c(a-b)}+\frac{b^2}{b(b-c)-a(b-c)}+\frac{c^2}{c(c-a)-b(c-a)}\)

\(=\frac{a^2}{(a-c)(a-b)}+\frac{b^2}{(b-a)(b-c)}+\frac{c^2}{(c-a)(c-b)}\)

\(=\frac{a^2(c-b)+b^2(a-c)+c^2(b-a)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)

\(=\frac{(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}{(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}=1\)

Xét mẫu (tương tự bên tử)

\(\frac{bc}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{ac}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{ab}{c^2+2ab}=\frac{bc}{(a-c)(a-b)}+\frac{ac}{(b-a)(b-c)}+\frac{ab}{(c-a)(c-b)}\)

\(=\frac{bc(c-b)+ac(a-c)+ab(b-a)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=\frac{(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)

\(=\frac{(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}{(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2)-(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a)}=1\)

Do đó:

\(A=\frac{1}{1}=1\)

Ta có : \(a^2+ab=c^2+bc\Leftrightarrow a^2-c^2+b\left(a-c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a-c=0\) ( do a;b;c \(\ne0\Rightarrow a+b+c\ne0\) )

\(\Leftrightarrow a=c\)

Làm tương tự ; ta có : a = b . Suy ra : a = b = c 

\(A=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=6\)

Vậy ... 

Ta có : 

 ( do a;b;c  )

Làm tương tự ; ta có : a = b . Suy ra : a = b = c 

Ta có : 

 ( do a;b;c  )

Làm tương tự ; ta có : a = b . Suy ra : a = b = c 

Ta có: \(A=a\left(a^2-bc\right)+b\left(b^2-ac\right)+c\left(c^2-ab\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow A=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\) \(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)

Vì \(a+b+c\ne0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)

Xét \(M=a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2M=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2M=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0;\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0;\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b,c\)

\(\Rightarrow a-b=0;b-c=0;c-a=0\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}=1+1+1=3\) 

Ta có:

\(a+b+c-abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)

\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+c\left(a+b\right)\right)-abc\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)ab+\left(a+b\right)^2c+abc+c^2\left(a+b\right)-abc\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+c^2+c\left(a+b\right)\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+ac+c^2+bc\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left[a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\)

Đồng thời:

\(a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ac=a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\)

Tương tự:

\(b^2+1=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\)

\(c^2+1=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)

Từ đó:

\(P=\dfrac{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\right]^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\right]^2}{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\right]^2}=1\)

\(\left(a^2-bc\right)\left(b-abc\right)=\left(b^2-ca\right)\left(a-abc\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2c^2-a^3bc-b^2c=b^2a+a^2bc^2-ca^2-ab^3c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b-ab^2-b^2c+ca^2=a^2bc^2-ab^3c+a^3bc-ab^2c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=abc\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\left(a+b+c\right)\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\left(đpcm\right)\)