a, Ta có :

 A =  1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100

2A =  2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100 + 2 101

A = 2A – A =  ( 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100 + 2 101 ) –( 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100 )

=  2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + . . . + 2 99 + 2 100 + 2 101 – 1 - 2 - 2 2 - 2 3 - 2 4 - . . . - 2 99 - 2 100

=  2 101 - 1

Vậy A =  2 101 - 1

b, Ta có.

B = 5 + 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99

5 2 B =  5 2 ( 5 + 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 )

25B =  5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 + 5 101

25B – B = ( 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 + 5 101 ) –  ( 5 + 5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 )

24B =  5 3 + 5 5 + . . . + 5 97 + 5 99 + 5 101 – 5 - 5 3 - 5 5 - . . . - 5 97 - 5 99

24B =  5 101 - 5

B =  5 101 - 5 24 = 5 5 100 - 1 24

Vậy B =  5 5 100 - 1 24

\(B=2+2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{99}+2^{100}=2\left(1+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+...+2^{96}\left(1+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)=2.31+2^6.31+...+2^{96}.31=31\left(2+2^6+...+2^{96}\right)⋮31\)

B=2+22+23+24+...+299+2100=2(1+22+23+24)+...+296(1+22+23+24)=2.31+26.31+...+296.31=31(2+26+...+296)⋮31

Đặt A=1 + 2 + 2²+ 2³+ 2⁴ +... + 2⁹⁹ + 2¹⁰⁰

=>2A=2 + 2²+ 2³+ 2⁴ +... + 2⁹⁹ + 2¹⁰⁰+2¹⁰¹

=>2A-A=(2 + 2²+ 2³+ 2⁴ +... + 2⁹⁹ + 2¹⁰⁰+2¹⁰¹)-(1 + 2 + 2²+ 2³+ 2⁴ +... + 2⁹⁹ + 2¹⁰⁰)

=>A=2¹⁰¹-1

Có : \(S=1+2+2^2+2^3+....+2^{99}\)

\(\Rightarrow2S=2+2^2+2^3+....+2^{100}\)

\(\Rightarrow2S-S=\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{100}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+....+2^{99}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S=2^{100}-1< 2^{100}\)

Vậy \(S< 2^{100}\)

 S=1+2+2²+2³+....+2⁹⁹

⇒2S=2+2²+2³+....+2¹⁰⁰

⇒2S−S=2¹⁰⁰-1

S=2¹⁰⁰-1

vì 2¹⁰⁰ -1<2¹⁰⁰

⇒S<2¹⁰⁰

Ta có

  2 1 + 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 + 2 5 + 2 6 + 2 7 +...+ 2 98 + 2 99 + 2 100

= 2 1 + ( 2 2 + 2 3 + 2 4 ) + ( 2 5 + 2 6 + 2 7 ) +...+ ( 2 98 + 2 99 + 2 100 )

= 2 + 2 2 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 5 1 + 2 + 2 2 + . . . + 2 98 1 + 2 + 2 2

= 2 + 2 2 . 7 + 2 5 . 7 + . . . + 2 98 . 7 = 2 + 7 2 2 + 2 5 + . . . + 2 98

Mà  7 . 2 2 + 2 5 + . . . + 2 98 ⋮ 7  

Nên  2 + 7 2 2 + 2 5 + . . . + 2 98 : 7   d ư   2