\(n_{HCl}=0,1.0,1=0,01\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,3.0,04=0,012\left(mol\right)\)

Dung dịch gồm H+ và Cl-

\(n_{H^+}=0,01+0,012=0,022\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,022}{0,4}=0,055M\)

\(n_{Cl^-}=0,01+0,012=0,022\left(mol\right)\)

=>\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,022}{0,4}=0,055M\)

Trộn 100ml dung dịch HNO3 0.1M với 400ml dung dịch H2SO4 0.03M

\(n_{HNO_3}=0,1.0,1=0,01\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=0,04.0,3=0,012\left(mol\right)\)

Dung dịch sau khi trộn gồm :

\(n_{H^+}=0,01+0,012.2=0,034\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,034}{0,5}=0,068M\)

\(n_{NO_3^-}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

=>\(\left[NO_3^-\right]=\dfrac{0,01}{0,5}=0,02M\)

\(n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,012\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0,012}{0,5}=0,024M\)

\(pH=10^{-13}\Rightarrow\left[OH^-_{dư}\right]=10^{-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-dư}=10^{-1}.0,5=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H^+}=0,2.0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{OH^-}=0,3x\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow0,3x=0,05+0,1=0,15\)

\(\Rightarrow x=0,5\)

Ban đầu:\(n_{H+}=n_{HCL}+2nH_2SO_4=0,25.\left(0,08+2.0,01\right)=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{OH-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,25a.2=0,5a\)

\(n_{Ba^2+}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,25a;nSO^2_4=nH_2SO_4=0,0025\left(mol\right)\)

Dung dịch sau phản ứng có pH = 12 => pOH = 2

\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=10^{-2}=0,01\left(M\right)\Rightarrow n_{OH-}=0,01.0,5=0,005\left(mol\right)\)Vì pH = 12 > 7 nên \(H^+hết,OH^-còn\)

\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

0,025-->0,025

\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}còn=0,5a-0,025=0,005\Rightarrow a=0,06\left(mol/l\right)\)

Từ đó suy ra được \(nBa^{2+}=0,25.0,06=0,015\left(mol\right)\)

\(Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow\)

0,0025<--0,0025

\(\Rightarrow m=m_{Baso_4}=0,025.233=0,5825\left(gam\right)\)

Ban đầu:\(n_{H^+}=n_{HCl}+2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.\left(0,08+2.0,01\right)=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,25a.2=0,5a\)

\(n_{Ba^{2+}}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,25a\); \(n_{SO_4^{2-}}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,0025\left(mol\right)\)

Dung dịch sau phản ứng có pH = 12 => pOH = 2

\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=10^{-2}=0,01\left(M\right)\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=0,01.0,5=0,005\left(mol\right)\)Vì pH = 12 > 7 nên \(H^+\) hết, \(OH^-\) còn.

\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

0,025-->0,025

=> \(n_{OH^-}\text{còn}=0,5a-0,025=0,005\Rightarrow a=0,06\left(mol\text{/}l\right)\)

Từ đó suy ra được \(n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,25.0,06=0,015\left(mol\right)\)

\(Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow\)

0,0025<--0,0025

=> \(m=m_{BaSO_4}=0,0025.233=0,5825\left(gam\right)\)

1) Ta coi H₂SO₄ điện li mạnh hai nấc.

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,03\) mol; \(n_{HCl}=0,16\) mol

\(H_2SO_4\rightarrow2H^++SO_4^-\)

0,03 -----> 0,06 ---> 0,03

\(HCl\rightarrow H^++Cl^-\)

0,16 --> 0,16 --> 0,16

\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}+n_{HCl}=2.0,03+0,16=0,22\) mol

+ \(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,22}{1+4}=0,044\) mol/lít

\(\Rightarrow pH=-lg\left[H^+\right]=-lg0,044=1,36\)

+ \(\left[SO_4^-\right]=\dfrac{0,03}{1+4}=6.10^{-3}\) mol/lít

+ \(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,16}{1+4}=0,032\) mol/lít

2) + \(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}+2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,12\) mol

\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,12}{5}=0,024\) mol/lít

\(\Rightarrow pOH=-lg\left[OH^-\right]=1,62\)

\(\Rightarrow pH=14-pOH=12,38\)

+ \(n_{Na^+}=n_{NaOH}=0,06\) mol

\(\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,06}{5}=0,012\) mol/lít

+ \(n_{Ba^{2+}}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,03\) mol

\(\Rightarrow\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,03}{5}=0,006\) mol/lít

\(n_{OH^-}=0,2.1+0,2.1.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H^+}=V.2+V.1.2=4V\left(mol\right)\)

H⁺ + OH^- --------> H2O (1)

Vì dung dịch A được trung hòa bởi 200 ml dd HNO3 1M

=>Dung dịch A có OH- dư sau phản ứng

\(n_{H^+}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

H⁺ + OH^- _dư --------> H2O

=> \(n_{OH^-\left(dư\right)}=n_{H^+\left(củaHNO3\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{OH^-\left(pứ\right)}=0,6-0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Từ (1) => \(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-\left(pứ\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

=> 4V=0,4

=> V= 0,1 (lít)

nHCl = 0.005 mol

nH2SO4 = 0.004 mol

HCl --> H⁺ + Cl^-
0.005___0.005___0.005
H2SO4 --> 2H⁺ + SO4^2-
0.004_____0.008___0.004

nH+ = 0.005 + 0.008 = 0.013 mol

nCl- = 0.005 mol

nSO42- = 0.004 mol