Bài 1: Tính tích
\(Q=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)....\left(1-\dfrac{1}{999}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{1000}\right)\)
D=\(\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)...\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2005}\right)\)
E=\(\dfrac{1^2}{1.3}.\dfrac{2^2}{2.4}.\dfrac{3^2}{3.5}....\dfrac{999^2}{999.1000}.\dfrac{1000^2}{1000.1001}\)
Ta có: D\(=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)...\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2005}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow D=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{4}...\dfrac{2004}{2005}=\dfrac{1.2.3...2004}{2.3.4...2005}=\dfrac{1}{2005}\)
Ta có: \(E=\dfrac{1^2}{1.3}.\dfrac{2^2}{2.4}.\dfrac{3^2}{3.5}...\dfrac{999^2}{999.1000}.\dfrac{1000^2}{1000.1001}=\dfrac{\left(1.2.3.4...1000\right)\left(1.2.3.4...1000\right)}{\left(1.2.3....1000\right)\left(3.4.5....1001\right)}=\dfrac{2}{1001}\)
Tính: \(\left(\dfrac{1000}{1}+\dfrac{999}{2}+\dfrac{998}{3}+...+\dfrac{2}{999}+\dfrac{1}{1000}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{1001}\right)\)
Tính: \(\left(\dfrac{1000}{1}+\dfrac{999}{2}+\dfrac{998}{3}+...+\dfrac{2}{999}+\dfrac{1}{1000}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{1001}\right)\)
tính
a) \(\left[\dfrac{0.8\div\left(\dfrac{4}{5}\cdot1025\right)}{0.64-1}+\dfrac{\left(1.08-\dfrac{2}{25}\right)\div\dfrac{4}{7}}{\left(6\dfrac{5}{7}-3\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\cdot2\dfrac{2}{17}}+\left(1.2\cdot0.5\right)\div\dfrac{4}{5}\right]\)
b) \(\left(0.2\right)^{-3}\left[\left(-\dfrac{1}{5}\right)^{-2}\right]^{-1}+\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{-3}\right]^{-2}\div\left(2^{-3}\right)^{-1}-\left(0.175\right)^{-2}\)
c) \(2+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{2+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{2}}}}\)
d) \(\dfrac{1}{90}-\dfrac{1}{72}-\dfrac{1}{56}-\dfrac{1}{42}-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
e) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^{-1}-\left(-\dfrac{6}{7}\right)^0+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\div2\)
f) \(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{2}{13}}\cdot\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{64}-\dfrac{3}{256}}{1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
g) \(\dfrac{1}{-\left(2017\right)\left(-2015\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(-2015\right)\left(-2013\right)}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(-3\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)}\)
h) \(\left(1-\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+...+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2017\cdot2018}\right)\right)\)
c)
Ta có :\(2+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{2+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{2}}}}\)
\(=2+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{2+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{3}{2}}}}\) \(=2+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{2+\dfrac{2}{3}}}\) \(=2+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{8}{3}}}\) \(=2+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{3}{8}}\) \(=2+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{11}{8}}\) \(=2+\dfrac{8}{11}\) \(=\dfrac{30}{11}\)
d) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^{-1}-\left(-\dfrac{6}{7}\right)^0+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2:2\)
\(=3-1+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2:2\)
\(=3-1+\dfrac{1}{4}:2\)
\(=3-1+\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{17}{8}\)
f) \(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{2}{13}}.\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{64}-\dfrac{3}{256}}{1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{1\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}\right)}{2\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}\right)}.\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{64}-\dfrac{3}{256}}{1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{64}-\dfrac{3}{256}}{1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}\right)}{1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(=1\)
Tính :
\(A=\dfrac{\left(1+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(3^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(5^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)....\left(29^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)}{\left(2^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(4^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(6^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right).....\left(30^4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)}\)
Ta có một số phân tích sau : \(a^4\)\(+\)\(4\)\(=\)\(\left(a^2-2a+2\right)\)\(\left(a^2+2a+2\right)\)
Nhân mỗi biểu thức trong ngoặc ở cả tử thức với \(16\)\(=\)\(2^4\), ta được :
\(A\)\(=\)\(\frac{\left(1+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(3^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(5^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(29^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}{\left(2^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(4^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(6^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(30^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}\)
\(A\)\(=\)\(\frac{\left(2^4+4\right)\left(6^4+4\right)\left(10^4+4\right)...\left(58^4+4\right)}{\left(4^4+4\right)\left(8^4+4\right)\left(12^4+4\right)...\left(60^4+4\right)}\)
Kết hợp với phân tích nêu trên, khi đó :
\(A\)\(=\)\(\frac{\left(2^2-2.2+2\right)\left(2^2+2.2+2\right)\left(6^2-2.6+2\right)\left(6^2+2.6+2\right)....\left(58^2-2.58+2\right)\left(58^2+2.58+2\right)}{\left(4^2-2.4+2\right)\left(4^2+2.4+2\right)\left(8^2-2.8+2\right)\left(8^2+2.8+2\right)....\left(60^2-2.60+2\right)\left(60^2+2.60+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A\)\(=\)\(\frac{2.10.26.50.82.122....3250.3482}{10.26.50.82.122....3482.3722}\)\(=\)\(\frac{2}{3722}\)\(=\)\(\frac{1}{1861}\)
Tính tích \(P=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right).\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right).....\left(1-\dfrac{1}{99}\right)\)
\(P=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{99}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{98}{99}\\ =\dfrac{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot...\cdot98}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot...\cdot99}\\ =\dfrac{1}{99}\\ Vậy....\)
Tìm tích sau rồi tìm số nghịch đảo của kết quả :
\(T=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{5}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{7}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{9}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{11}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)\)
\(T=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{5}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{7}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{9}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{10}\right)\)\(\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{4}{5}.\dfrac{6}{7}.\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{10}{11}.\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{5}{6}.\dfrac{7}{8}.\dfrac{9}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow=\dfrac{1}{11}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Số nghịch đảo của T là \(11\)
Cho A=\(\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-1\right)...\left(\dfrac{1}{2015}-1\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{2016}-1\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{2017}-1\right)\)
B=\(\left(-1\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\left(-1\dfrac{1}{3}\right).\left(-1\dfrac{1}{4}\right)...\left(-1\dfrac{1}{2015}\right).\left(-1\dfrac{1}{2016}\right).\left(-1\dfrac{1}{2017}\right)\)
Tính M=A.B
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-1\right)...\left(\dfrac{1}{2015}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2016}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2017}-1\right)\\ A=\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\left(-\dfrac{2}{3}\right).\left(-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)...\left(-\dfrac{2014}{2015}\right)\left(-\dfrac{2015}{2016}\right)\left(-\dfrac{2016}{2017}\right)\\ A=\dfrac{1.2.3.4...2014.2015.2016}{2.3.4...2015.2016.2017}=\dfrac{1}{2017}\)
\(B=\left(-1\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(-1\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left(-1\dfrac{1}{4}\right)...\left(-1\dfrac{1}{2015}\right)\left(-1\dfrac{1}{2016}\right)\left(-1\dfrac{1}{2017}\right)\\ B=\left(-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\left(-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\left(-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)...\left(-\dfrac{2016}{2015}\right)\left(-\dfrac{2017}{2016}\right)\left(-\dfrac{2018}{2017}\right)\\ B=\dfrac{3.4.5...2016.2017.2018}{2.3.4...2015.2016.2017}=\dfrac{2018}{2}=1009\)
\(M=A.B=\dfrac{1}{2017}.1009=\dfrac{1009}{2017}\)
Tính nhanh :
Q = \(\left(\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{12}{999}+\dfrac{123}{9999}\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{6}=0\) nên Q = 0.
\(Q=\left(\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{12}{999}+\dfrac{123}{9999}\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\)
\(Q=\left(\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{12}{999}+\dfrac{123}{9999}\right).0\)
\(Q=0\)