a.

\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1+\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+2\sqrt{x}}{1-x}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1+x-\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}}{1-x}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

b.

\(P=\dfrac{B}{A}=\dfrac{x+3}{\sqrt{x}+1}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{x+3}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\dfrac{x-1+4}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(=\sqrt{x}+1+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)\(=\sqrt{x}-1+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}-1}+2\)

Theo BĐT AM - GM ta có: \(\sqrt{x}-1+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}-1}\ge2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x}-1}}=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{P}\ge6\Rightarrow Min_{\dfrac{1}{P}}=6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2=4\Rightarrow x=9\) (loại trường hợp \(\sqrt{x}-1=-2\))

Vậy GTNN của biểu thức \(\dfrac{1}{P}=6\) khi x = 9.

Câu 1 : 

a, \(=8+4-2.6=12-12=0\)

b, đk : x > 0 ; x khác 1 

\(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1-2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}=1\)

Ta có: \(B=\left(\dfrac{2x+1}{x\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right):\left(1-\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{2x\sqrt{x}-2x+\sqrt{x}-1-x\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}:\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1-x}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-2x+\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2\cdot\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)

\(a,A=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-2-\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}+1}\\ A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\\ b,A< 0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1< 0\left(1>0\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x< 1\\ c,A\in Z\Leftrightarrow1⋮\sqrt{x}-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ\left(1\right)\left\{-1;1\right\}\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;2\right\}\\ \Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{0;4\right\}\)

a) \(A=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-2-\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1-4}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-3}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

b) \(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}< 0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1< 0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}< 1\)

Kết hợp đk: 

\(\Rightarrow0\le x< 1\)

c) \(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ\left(1\right)=\left\{-1;1\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;2\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;4\right\}\)

Lời giải:
1. \(P=\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)}+\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)}\right]:\frac{x}{(\sqrt{x}-1)^2}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)}.\frac{(\sqrt{x}-1)^2}{x}=\frac{(\sqrt{x}+1)(\sqrt{x}-1)}{x\sqrt{x}}=\frac{x-1}{x\sqrt{x}}\)

2.

\(P>\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow \frac{x-1}{x\sqrt{x}}> \frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{2x-2-x\sqrt{x}}{2x\sqrt{x}}>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 2x-2-x\sqrt{x}>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{x}+2< 2x\) 

Điều này vô lý do theo BĐT Cô-si thì:\(x\sqrt{x}+2=\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{2}+\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{2}+2\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{2}}>\frac{3x}{\sqrt[3]{2}}> 2x\)

Vậy không tồn tại $x$ thỏa mãn.

1) Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{x-\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right):\dfrac{x}{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right)\cdot\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{x}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-1}{x\sqrt{x}}\)

a) \(M=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{6\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\left(x\ge0,x\ne1\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)-6\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{x-4\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)

b) \(M=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}+2}=1-\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x}+2}\in Z\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+2\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{-5;-1;1;5\right\}\)

Do \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{3\right\}\Rightarrow x=9\left(tm\right)\)

a) \(P=\dfrac{x-1+4\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)+1}{x-1}.\dfrac{x-1}{x+2\sqrt{x}}\)

\(=\dfrac{x+4\sqrt{x}+4}{x+2\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}}\)

b) \(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}}=1+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}}\in Z\)

Do \(\sqrt{x}>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{1;2\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{1;4\right\}\)

\(B=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right]\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=\)

\(=\left[\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)-\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right]\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=\)

\(=\left[\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}-2-x+\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right]\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=\)

\(=\left[\dfrac{-2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right]\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)=\)

\(=\dfrac{-2x}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=-\dfrac{2x}{x-1}\)

b/

\(B=-\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)+2}{x-1}=-2+\dfrac{2}{x-1}\)

Để B nguyên

\(x-1=\left\{-1;-2;1;2\right\}\Rightarrow x=\left[0;-1;2;3\right]\)