1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).

2.

\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)

Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )

\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)

3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Lời giải:

Hiển nhiên $a-b>0$.

Ta có:

\(P=\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{ab}+\frac{a-b}{\sqrt{ab}}=\sqrt{ab}.\frac{a+b}{a-b}+\frac{a-b}{\sqrt{ab}}\geq 2\sqrt{a+b}\) theo BĐT AM-GM.

Mặt khác:

Từ ĐKĐB suy ra \(ab(a-b)^2=(a+b)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab[(a+b)^2-4ab]=(a+b)^2\)

Đặt $a+b=x; ab=y$ với $x,y>0; x^2\geq 4y$ thì:

\(y(x^2-4y)=x^2\Leftrightarrow x^2(y-1)=4y^2\)

Hiển nhiên $y>1$

$\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{4y^2}{y-1}=\frac{4(y^2-1)}{y-1}+\frac{4}{y-1}$

$=4(y+1)+\frac{4}{y-1}=4(y-1)+\frac{4}{y-1}+8$

$\geq 2\sqrt{4(y-1).\frac{4}{y-1}}+8=16$ (AM-GM)

$\Rightarrow x\geq 4$ hay $a+b\geq 4$

Do đó: $P\geq 2\sqrt{a+b}\geq 2\sqrt{4}=4$

Vậy $P_{\min}=4$
Giá trị này đạt tại $(a,b)=(2+\sqrt{2}, 2-\sqrt{2})$

ta có \(\sqrt{ab}=\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=>ab=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\)

=>P=\(ab+\dfrac{a-b}{\sqrt{ab}}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{a-b}{\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{a+b}\)

áp dụng BDT AM-GM ta có \(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{a+b}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}.\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{a+b}}=2\sqrt{a+b}\left(1\right)\)

lại có \(\sqrt{ab}=\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=>a+b=\sqrt{ab}.\left(a-b\right)=>2.\left(a+b\right)=2.\sqrt{ab}.\left(a-b\right)\)

áp dụng BDT AM-GM ta được \(2\left(a+b\right)=2.\sqrt{ab}.\left(a-b\right)\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{ab}\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{4ab+a^2-2ab+b^2}{2}\)

=\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\)

=>\(2\left(a+b\right)\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}=>a+b\ge4\left(2\right)\)

từ (1)(2)=>\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{a+b}\ge2\sqrt{a+b}\ge4\)

dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a=2\(+\sqrt{2}\), b=\(2-\sqrt{2}\)

vậy MIn P=4 khi (a,b)=(2+\(\sqrt{2};2-\sqrt{2}\))

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(P=\sum \sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sum \sqrt{\frac{ab}{c(a+b+c)+ab}}=\sum \sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}\)

\(\leq \sum \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)

Vậy $P_{\max}=\frac{3}{2}$ khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{a+bc}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{b+ca}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+b}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}=ab\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a+b}\cdot\dfrac{1}{b+c}}\le ab\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)

CMTT: \(\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}\right);\dfrac{ac}{\sqrt{ac+2b}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{b+a}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{c+a}+\dfrac{ab}{c+b}+\dfrac{bc}{b+a}+\dfrac{bc}{c+a}+\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{b+c}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}\right]=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+c\left(a+b+c\right)}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{ac+2b}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}\right)\)

Cộng vế:

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)

\(P_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

cái cuối là \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\)  nha

\(a^2+b^2-ab\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)

Cộng vế:

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Ủa bị lỗi hả:v?