I, Complete the sentences with the nouns formed from the verbs below.

(colonise/ consume/ destroy/ extract/ implement/ integrate)

1, A certain amount of environmental will ______________ be caused by the proposed high-speed railway line.
2, _________________ of too much red meat is generally thought to be not very good for our health.
3, It's quite easy to accept new measures. It's their _______________ that causes the most problems.
4, The of oil and other fossil fuels often ________________ happens in areas where there are potential problems for the natural surroundings.
5, Unfortunately, the attempted ________________ of indigenous peoples into a different type of culture has often failed.

I. Read and complete the passage with the words in the box.

Most of us are familiar with air, water, and land pollution, but do you know that light can also be a (1)_________? Not many people know about this kind of pollution. Light pollution is the inappropriate or excessive use of artificial light and it can have serious (2) _________ consequences for humans, wildlife, and our climate. Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization. Its sources include building exterior and interior lighting, advertising, commercial properties, offices, (3) _________, streetlights, and illuminates sporting venues.

The fact is that much outdoor lighting used at night is inefficient, overly bright and, in many cases, completely unnecessary. This light, and the electricity used to create it, is being wasted by spilling into the sky, rather than focusing (4) _________ the actual objects and areas that people want to illuminate. Light pollution has negative impacts. It increases energy consumption, disrupts the ecosystem and wildlife and harms human health. (5) _________, concern about light pollution is rising dramatically. A growing number of scientists, homeowners, environmental groups and civic leaders are taking actions to restore the natural night.

II. Read the passage again and decide the statements are T or F.

1._____Light does not contribute to light pollution.

2._____Light pollution has many bad effects on humans and the environment.

3. _____Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization.

4. _____ Much outdoor lighting used at night is efficient.

5. _____Light pollution disrupts the ecosystem and wildlife.

Question 3. Put one of the words or phrases from the box into each gap . two words or phrases are NOT used . 
      Environmental pollution is a term that …(1)… to all the way by which man pollutes his surroundings . Man dirties the air with gases and smoke , …(2)…the water with chemicals and other substances , and damages the soil with…(3)…many fertilizers and pesticides . Man also pollutes his surroundings …(4)…various other ways .  …(5)…  , people ruin natural beauty by scattering litter on the land and in the water . They operate machines and motor vehicles that fill the air with disturbing …(6)… 
    Environmental pollution is one of the most serious …(7)… facing mankind today . Air , water and soil are necessary to the survival of all living things . Badly – polluted air can cause illness , and…(8)… death . Polluted water kills fish and other marine…(9)… . Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land for growing . Environmental pollution also brings ugliness …(10)… man’s naturally beautiful world .

* Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

1. Kate is concerned about water ……………………….
2. There are two candidates for the ……………………….
3. If I were you, I would accept his ……………………….
4. The Boy Scouts of America is a youth ……………………….
5. He failed his oral ………………………and has to take it again.
6. This is the 4 th ………………………of the book and it is still a best-seller.
7. The continued advance of ………………………can be seen everywhere.
8. After ………………………he was awarded a scholarship to do research.
9. The university has an international ………………………as a center of excellence.
10. I am interested in learning Vietnamese and I would like some ………………………about your school.

II. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

    edition                     position                     pollution                 reputation           civilization

 graduation               suggestion                 information             organization          examination

11. Kate is concerned about water ……………………….

12. There are two candidates for the ……………………….

13. If I were you, I would accept his ……………………….

14. The Boy Scouts of America is a youth ……………………….

15. He failed his oral ………………………and has to take it again.

16. This is the 4^th ………………………of the book and it is still a best-seller.

17. The continued advance of ………………………can be seen everywhere.

18. After ………………………he was awarded a scholarship to do research.

19. The university has an international ………………………as a center of excellence.

20. I am interested in learning Vietnamese and I would like some ………………………about your school.

1.     Complete the summary with the words from the box.

Plastic is used to make many (1) ………………… today. The first man-made plastic, called (2) …………………, was created from plant material in 1862. However, it was too (3) ………………… to make. In 1866, John Wesley Hyatt invented (4) ………………… He was trying to find a(n) (5) ………………… for ivory, which was used to make billiard balls. Bakelite was (6) ………………… in 1909. It was the first plastic to be made entirely from (7) ………………… materials. Today, most plastic is made from (8) ………………… (9) …………………, this is bad for the (10) ………………… Therefore, people are still looking for alternatives.

1.     Complete the summary with the words from the box.

In the past, people (1) ………………… for things they needed. This is called the (2) ………………… system. But it had some problems, so money was (3) ………………… Early (4) ………………… coins appeared in China around 1000 B.C. Around 600 B.C., (5) ………………… coins were ­ first made in Turkey. These (6) ………………… were (7) ………………… by the (8) ………………… and Romans. Later, around the year A.D. 800, paper money was developed in (9) ………………… In this (10) ………………… age, people also use credit cards. And in the future, people might use money that is even more advanced.

1.     Complete the summary with the words from the box.

Many countries have different money (1) ………………… In (2) …………………, money is (3) ………………… with the right hand and taken with the left. People also think getting a(n) (4) ………………… wallet means you will be (5) ………………… In (6) …………………, people always try to carry at least some (7) ………………… and think it’s bad luck to have no money in their wallets or bank accounts. In Japan, people keep snake skin in their (8) ………………… Seeing a(n) (9) ………………… means they will always have good luck, but killing a snake means they will (10) ………………… all their money.

Complete the following sentences with the correct words from the box, and then read aloud the sentences. Practise saying the words with cluster /br/ or /pr/.

1. What is the  of petrol now?

2. A  is a piece of jewellery that you wear around your wrist or arm.

3. In Britain, the eldest son of the king or queen has the title ‘ of Water'.

4. The clock is a on my birthday from my best friend.

5. The little boy climbed the tree and sat on a .

6. It is the house in our neighbourhood built of red .

branchbraceletPrincebrickpresent price