Ta có

\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)=a^5+a^2b^3+a^2c^3+a^3b^2+b^5+b^2c^3+a^3c^2+b^3c^2+c^5\)

\(\Rightarrow a^5+b^5+c^5=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)-a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)-b^2c^2\left(b+c\right)-a^2c^2\left(a+c\right)\)

Do a+b+c=0

=> a+b=-c; b+c=-a; a+c=-b

\(\Rightarrow a^5+b^5+c^5=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+a^2b^2c+ab^2c^2+a^2bc^2=\)

\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+abc\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=\)

\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\right]+abc\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=\)

\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).\left[\left(-c^3\right)-3ab.\left(-c\right)+c^3\right]+abc\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=\)

\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).3abc+abc\left(ab+bc+ab\right)=\)

\(=abc.\left[3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\right]=\)

\(=abc\left[\dfrac{5}{2}.\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac}{2}\right]=\)

\(=abc.\left[\dfrac{5}{2}.\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}\right]=\)

\(=abc.\dfrac{5}{2}.\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^5+b^5+c^5}{5}=abc.\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

a+b+c=0⇔a3+b3+c3=3abca+b+c=0⇔a3+b3+c3=3abc (cái này tự chứng minh nhá, dễ)

⇒3abc(a2+b2+c2)=(a3+b3+c3)(a2+b2+c2)=a5+b5+c5+a3(b2+c2)+b3(c2+a2)+c3(a2+b2)⇒3abc(a2+b2+c2)=(a3+b3+c3)(a2+b2+c2)=a5+b5+c5+a3(b2+c2)+b3(c2+a2)+c3(a2+b2)

Lại có b+c=−a⇔b2+c2=(b+c)2−2bc=a2−2bcb+c=−a⇔b2+c2=(b+c)2−2bc=a2−2bc

Tương tự c2+a2=b2−2ac,a2+b2=c2−2abc2+a2=b2−2ac,a2+b2=c2−2ab

Nên 3abc(a2+b2+c2)=a5+b5+c5+a3(a2−2bc)+b3(b2−2ac)+c3(c2−2ab)=2(a5+b5+c5)−2abc(a2+b2+c2)

Vế trái = a². (a³ - 1) + 3 - 3a + 2 = a².[(a-1). (a² + a + 1)] - 3.(a -1) +2 = (a-1). (a⁴ + a³ + a² -3) + 2

= (a-1).[(a⁴ -1) + (a³ -1) + (a² -1)] +2

= (a-1). [(a-1).(a+1).(a² +1) + (a -1).(a² + a + 1) + (a-1).(a+1)] +2

= (a-1)². [(a+1).(a² +1) + (a² + a + 1) + (a+1)] + 2

Vì a \(\ge\) 0 => (a+1).(a² +1) + (a² + a + 1) + (a+1) > 0 ; (a-1)² \(\ge\) 0

=> Vế trái \(\ge\) 2 > 0

=> ĐPCM

BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với

\(\left(1-\frac{a^5-a^2}{a^5+b^2+c^2}\right)+\left(1-\frac{b^5-b^2}{b^5+c^2+a^2}\right)+\left(1-\frac{c^5-c^2}{c^5+a^2+b^2}\right)\le3\)

hay \(\frac{1}{a^5+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{b^5+c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{c^5+a^2+b^2}\le\frac{3}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)

Từ \(abc\ge1\) ta có:

\(\frac{1}{a^5+b^2+c^2}\le\frac{1}{\frac{a^5}{abc}+b^2+c^2}=\frac{1}{\frac{a^4}{bc}+b^2+c^2}\)

\(\le\frac{1}{\frac{2a^4}{b^2+c^2}+b^2+c^2}=\frac{b^2+c^2}{2a^4+\left(b^2+c^2\right)^2}\)

Do \(4u^2+v^2\ge4uv\Leftrightarrow4u^2+v^2\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(u+v\right)^2\)nên 

\(2a^4+\left(b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\)

Suy ra \(\frac{1}{a^5+b^2+c^2}\le\frac{3\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}\)

Tương tự ta có \(\frac{1}{b^5+c^2+a^2}\le\frac{3\left(c^2+a^2\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}\)

và \(\frac{1}{c^5+a^2+b^2}\le\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}\)

Cộng ba vế của các BĐT trên ta được

\(\frac{1}{a^5+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{b^5+c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{c^5+a^2+b^2}\le\frac{3}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)

Vậy \(\frac{a^5-a^2}{a^5+b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^5-b^2}{b^5+c^2+a^2}+\frac{c^5-c^2}{c^5+a^2+b^2}\ge0\)

(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\))

Vì vai trò của a,b,c như nhau,không mất tính tổng quát ta có:\(a\le b\le c\le1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-1\le0\\b-1\le0\\c-1\le0\end{cases}}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si ta có:

\(\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^5+c^5}\le\frac{a^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^5c^5}}=\frac{a^2}{3bc}\)

Tương tự:\(\frac{b^2}{b^2+a^5+c^5}\le\frac{b^2}{3ac};\frac{c^2}{c^2+a^5+b^5}\le\frac{c^2}{3ab}\)

Cộng vế với vế của 3 BĐT trên ta đươc:

\(\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^5+c^5}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+a^5+c^5}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+a^5+b^5}\le\frac{a^2}{3bc}+\frac{b^2}{3ac}+\frac{c^2}{3ab}=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3}\)

Xét \(a^3+b^3+c^3\le3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3-1\right)+\left(b^3-1\right)+\left(c^3-1\right)\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)+\left(b-1\right)\left(b^2+b+1\right)+\left(c-1\right)\left(c^2+c+1\right)\le0\) (đúng)

Từ đó suy ra:  

\(\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^5+c^5}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+a^5+c^5}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+a^5+b^5}\le\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3}\le\frac{3}{3}=1\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu '='xảy ra khi\(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\abc=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1}\)

Câu hỏi của Ngô Đức Duy - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath tham khảo