Bài 1:

Ta có: \(-\left|2x+6\right|\le0\)

\(\Rightarrow9-\left|2x+6\right|\le9\)

\(\Rightarrow5-\left(9-\left|2x+6\right|\right)\le5\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> 2x + 6 = 9 <=> x = \(\frac{3}{2}\)

Vậy GTNN của A là 5 khi x = \(\frac{3}{2}\)

Bài 2:

Ta có: \(\left|2x+6\right|\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|2x+6\right|-3\ge-3\)

\(\Rightarrow-5-\left(\left|2x+6\right|-3\right)\ge-5\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> 2x + 6 = 3 <=> x = \(-\frac{3}{2}\)

Vậy GTLN của A là -5 khi x = \(-\frac{3}{2}\)

\(A=2x^2+y^2+2xy-6x-2y+10\)

\(=\left(\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-2\left(x+y\right)+1\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+5\)

\(=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2+5\ge5\)

Vậy GTNN là A = 5 khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=-1\end{cases}}\)

GTNN=7

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\(P=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{4}x^2-\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{3}{4}x^2+\frac{3}{2}x+\frac{3}{4}\right)}{x^2-2x+1}=\frac{\frac{1}{4}\left(x-1\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)^2}=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{\frac{3}{4}\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)

Ta thấy : \(\frac{\frac{3}{4}\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\ge0\forall x\) nên \(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{\frac{3}{4}\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{4}\forall x\) có GTNN là \(\frac{1}{4}\) tại x = - 1

Vậy \(P_{min}=\frac{1}{4}\) tại \(x=-1\)

\(P=\frac{\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(3x-3\right)+3}{\left(x-1\right)^2}=\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2+3\left(x-1\right)+3}{\left(x-1\right)^2}=1+\frac{3}{x-1}+\frac{3}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)

đặt \(y=\frac{1}{x-1}\Rightarrow P=1+3y+3y^2=3\left(y+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)

vậy \(MinP=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow y=-\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x-1}=-\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Bài 2: 

a) Ta có: \(\left|2x-5\right|\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left|2x-5\right|\le0\forall x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left|2x-5\right|+3\le3\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)

*\(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-1\right|=2x-1\)

\(D=\left(2x-1\right)^2-3\left(2x-1\right)+2=\left(2x-1\right)^2-2.\dfrac{3}{2}\left(2x-1\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}=\left(2x-1-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}=\left(2x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\ge-\dfrac{1}{4}\)\(D_{min}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{4}\left(1\right)\)

*\(x< \dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-1\right|=-2x+1\)

\(D=\left(2x-1\right)^2+3\left(2x-1\right)+2=\left(2x-1\right)^2+2.\dfrac{3}{2}\left(2x-1\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}=\left(2x-1+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}=\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\ge-\dfrac{1}{4}\)\(D_{min}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-1}{4}\left(2\right)\)
-Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(D_{min}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{\dfrac{5}{4};\dfrac{-1}{4}\right\}\)

\(2x+5y=13\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{13-5y}{2}\Rightarrow\)y là số lẻ. 

Đặt \(y=2z+1\left(z\in Z\right)\Rightarrow x=4-5z\)

Vậy tập nghiệm nguyên của phương trình là \(\cdot\left(x;y\right)=\left(4-5z;2z+1\right)\)với z nguyên

C=\(\left[\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+2\left(xy\right)+1\right]+\)\(\left(y^2-8y+16\right)\)\(\left(x-y+1\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow C=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\)Amin = 0 khi y = 4 ; x = 3