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Bên dưới có giải thích chi tiết rồi đó em:

Cho a, b, c, d là các số tùy ý thỏa mãn a+b+c+d=1. Chứng minh a2+b2+c2+d2-2ab-2bc-2cd-2da\(\ge\)- \(\frac{1}{4}\) - Hoc24

\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+1=a\left(b+c+d+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+4b^2+4c^2+4d^2+4=4ab+4ac+4ad+4a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-4ab+4b^2+a^2-4ac+4c^2+a^2-4ad+4d^2+a^2-4a+4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(a-2c\right)^2+\left(a-2d\right)^2+\left(a-2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2b\\a=2c\\a=2d\\a=2\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=c=d=1\end{matrix}\right.\).

Vậy \(\left(a,b,c,d\right)=\left(2,1,1,1\right)\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+2b+c}\ge\dfrac{4}{\dfrac{a^2+1}{2}+b^2+1+\dfrac{c^2+1}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{b^2+7}\)

Tương tự

\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{8}{a^2+7}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{8}{c^2+7}\)

Cộng vế:

\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{a^2+7}+\dfrac{8}{b^2+7}+\dfrac{8}{c^2+7}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+7}+\dfrac{4}{b^2+7}+\dfrac{4}{c^2+7}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

`a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+1>=a+b+c+d`

`<=>4(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+1)>=4a+4b+4c+4d`

`<=>4a^2-4a+1+4b^2-4b+1+4c^2-4c+1+4d^2-4d+1>=0`

`<=>(2a-1)^2+(2b-1)^2+(2c-1)^2+(2d-1)^2>=0`(luôn đúng)

`=>a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+1>=a+b+c+d`

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `2a-1=2b-1=2c-1=2d-1=0<=>a=b=c=d=1/2`

a) Áp dụng Cauchy Schwars ta có:

\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1

b) \(N=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b+1}+\frac{9}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1

c) \(P=\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{9}{2.3}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1