đặt n_Fe=a, n_Al=b. n_H2=0,8. ta có hệ:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+1,5b=0,8\\56a+27b=22\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) m_Fe=11,2g ; m_Al=10,8g.

b) n_HCl=2.n_H2=2.0,8=1,6 mol.⇒m_HCl= 1,6.36,5/15%= 3893,333

c) Fe + 3e → Fe⁺³ S⁺⁶ +2e → S⁺⁴

Al + 3e →Al⁺³

Bảo toàn mol e: n_SO4^- = \(_{^{ }\dfrac{3.0,2+3.0,4}{2}=0,9}\) ⇒ V_{SO2= 0,9.22,4= 20,16 l}

n_Ba(OH)2=0,568 mol

\(\dfrac{nOH-}{nSO2}=\dfrac{1,136}{0,9}=1,26222\) . Ban đầu kết tủa cực đại, SO2 dư kết tủa tan dần.

m_kt= ( 0,568 - 0,332).(137+32+16.3)=51,212

a) \(2K+2H2O-->2KOH+H2\)

\(Fe+2HCl--.FeCl2+H2\)

\(n_{H2}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_K=2n_{H2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_K=0,2.39=7,8\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,5.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(nFe=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)

m Cu= 6,6(g)

\(m_{hh}=7,8+5,6+6,6=20\left(g\right)\)

\(\%m_K=\frac{7,8}{20}.100\%=39\%\)

\(\%m_{Fe}=\frac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\)

\(\%m_{Cu}=100-28-39=33\%\)

b) \(yH2+FexOy-->xFe+yH2O\)

\(n_{FexOy}=\frac{1}{y}n_{_{ }H2}=\frac{0,1}{y}\left(mol\right)\)

\(M_{FexOy}=5,8:\frac{0,1}{y}=58y\)

Ta có bảng sau

Vậy CTHH:Fe3O4

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,368}{22,4}=0,195\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

Mol:      x                                         x

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Mol:       y                                        1,5y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=3,87\\x+1,5y=0,195\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,06\\y=0,09\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,06.24.100\%}{3,87}=37,21\%\)

  \(\%m_{Al}=100-37,21=62,79\%\)

a)

Gọi $n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b \Rightarrow 24a + 27b = 5,1(1)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2  + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$

Ta có :

$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,1

$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\%  =47,06\%$

$\%m_{Al} = 52,94\%$

b)

$n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,5(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,5.36,5}{10\%} = 182,5(gam)$

c)

$MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \to Mg(OH)_2 + 2NaCl$
$AlCl_3 + 3NaOH \to Al(OH)_3 + 3NaCl$

$Al(OH)_3 + NaOH \to NaAlO_2 + 2H_2O$

$n_{Mg(OH)_2} = a = 0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{kết\ tủa}  = 0,1.58 = 5,8(gam)$

Ta có:

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\) ; \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

Đặt số mol Mg và Al lần lượt là a và b (a,b>0)
theo bài ra ta có hệ 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\a+1,5b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%Mg=\dfrac{0,1\times24}{5,1}=47,06\%\Rightarrow\%Al=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)

Theo PT có \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=2\times0,1+3\times0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,5\times36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{10\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\)

\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)

\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)

+ Với NaOH vừa đủ

\(a=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}+m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1\times58+0,1\times78=13,6\left(g\right)\)

+ Với NaOH dư có thêm PT

\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)

\(\Rightarrow a=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\times58=5,8\left(g\right)\)

Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 27a + 65b + 64c = 18,3 (1)

- Cho hh pư với H₂SO₄.

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Zn}=\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

- Cho hh pư với không khí.

Ta có: ka + kb + kc = 0,8 (3)

PT: \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)

\(2Zn+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2ZnO\)

\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Zn}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}ka+\dfrac{1}{2}kb+\dfrac{1}{2}kc=\dfrac{56}{22,4}.\dfrac{1}{5}=0,5\left(4\right)\)

Từ (3) và (4) ⇒ a - b - c = 0 (5)

Từ (1) (2) và (5) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{18,3}.100\%\approx29,51\%\\\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{18,3}.100\%\approx35,52\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx34,97\%\end{matrix}\right.\)