1. Decide whether the following Clauses are defining or non- defining clauses , Insert commas where necessary

1). The car which was a race sports coupe was built in 1996.( Defining / Non - defining)

2. We invited thể boy who Tom had met the week before the party ( defining / non defining)

3. Our friends who we met at university are coming to visit next week( defini g /.non defining)

4. Thật is the building where they shot thể film " Vanilla Sky".( Defining / non defining)

5. Mr Jackson whose sơn also goes to this school will be attending the party next weekend.( Defining/non defining)

Exercise 1
Hãy xác định những mệnh đề quan hệ dưới đây là mệnh đề hạn định (Defining
clause) hay không hạn định (Non-defining clause).
1.This is the dress which I bought last week.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
2.The film that I saw yesterday was very interesting.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
3.Hanoi, which is one of the largest cities in Vietnam, is the capital of Vietnam.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
4.The girl who wore a blue dress attracted everybody's attention at the party.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
5.The old man who lives next door is an architect.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
6.This writer, who lives in this luxurious mansion, has just published her third
novel.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
7.The doctor who examined my stomach was very kind.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
8.Tra Giang, who has played the main role in a lot of war films, is a famous
Vietnamese actress.

A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
9.Taylor Swift, who is a well-known singer, is only twenty-four.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause
10.That is the bee which stung me.
A. Defining clause B. Non-defining clause

Fill in the relative pronoun; adding commas where necessary. Write D for defining, ND for non-defining and whether the relative can be omitted or not

1 The woman …..who/that … bought the house next door is very friendly … D (not omitted) ..

2 Ann ………….is a generous person took us all on holiday.

3 The hospital …………he was treated is a very good one.

4 People ……………..don’t eat meat are called vegetarians.

5 The house …………………. they live is very small.

6 The book ………I am reading at the moment is very interesting.

7 The hotel …………….is opposite the museum is very expensive.

8 People ……………speak two languages equally well are called
bilingual.

9 Dublin …………….. has a population of one million is a very
beautiful city.

10 People …………….. mug other people should be punished.

11 My best friend ………. name is Sarah is living in Poland now.

12 Greece …………has many beautiful islands is a great place for holidays.

13 People …………………drink and drive should be heavily fined.

14 Women ……………………..are pregnant should not smoke.

15 The flat …………………………….she lives in is very cold.

16 Majorca was the first place ……………..we went on holiday together.

17 The man…………… the police arrested last night was charged with murder.

18 The newspaper ……………I buy is always full of interesting articles.

19 The velvet dress ……………..she wore to the party was very expensive .

20 The students …………………were involved in the march were arrested.

Make a non - defining relative clause from the two sentences:
1. Catherine ruled Russia for over 30 years. She made many important changes.
-> 
2. The woman next door is moving next month. I met her for the first time last week.
-> 
3. Starbucks wants to open new stores in China. It does business all over the world. 
-> 
4. I met Julie in the Italian restaurant. She was working as a waitress there.
-> 
5. The Games International Company has just gone bankrupt. We have done business with them for many years.
-> 
6. Our professor of psychology has written some very interesting books. I always attend her lectures.
-> 
7. Jane has decided to go and teach abroad. It will be an interesting experience for her.
-> 
8. My two cousins are coming to visit next week. I have seen neither off them for ten years.
-> 
9. And then Mary walked in. We had been talking about her eariler.
-> 
10. The last time I went to Scotland was in May. The weather was very beatiful then.
->

* Combine two sentences into one. Use the sentence in brackets to make a non-defining relative clause.
1. The National Library opens every weekday. (The library is on the second floor).
The National Library, which is on the second floor, opens every weekday.
2. Developed countries are helping developing countries. (They are ahead in education and wealth.)
Developed countries, which are ahead in education and wealth, are helping developing countries.
3. Internationalisation has brought about both opportunities and challenges. (It started 15 years ago.)
Internationalsation, which started 15 years ago, has brought about both opportunities and challenges.
4. Smartphones will be used widely in school to support learning. (They help students to write scripts and make videos.)
Smartphones, which help students to write scripts and make videos, will be used widely in school to support learning.
5. Jack London wrote internationally famous novels like Call of the Wild and White Fang. (He is an American writer.)
Jack London, who is an American writer, wrote internationally famous novels like Call of the Wild and White Fang.
6. Have you ever heard about Captain James Cook? (He mapped a lot of places in the world, including Australia and New Zealand).
Have you ever heard about Captain James Cook, who mapped a lot of places in the world, including Australia and New Zealand?

 Rewrite the pairs of sentences as one sentence using a defining or non-defining relative clause. 

1 I work for a man. The man’s farm covers thousands of acres.

I work ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The spacecraft is called Vostok 3KA. It took Yuri Gagarin into space.

The spacecraft ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. She likes her father’s career. Her father pursued this career all his life.

She likes …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. He admires the teacher. That teacher initiated building the school library.

He admires ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. My grandfather used to be an astronaut. He has been retired for ten years now.

My grandfather……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Students will have to make their own learning decisions. This will be hard for many of them.
Students …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

VII. Use a relative pronoun to combine two sentences into one sentence with a defining or non-defining relative clause.

1.    Those girls have passed the entrance examination. They will enter university.

- The girls    ______________________________________________________

2.    Some women get a    university degree. They can get a    well-paid job.

- Some women ____________________________________________________

3.    Have you heard about For a Brighter Future? It supports women in their fight for employment equality.

- Have you_______________________________________________________?

4. Some fathers only do a part-time job. They can stay at home more often and have a closer relationship with their children.

- Some fathers____________________________________________________

5. Viet Nam used to be male-dominated. It now has a large population of employed women.

_________________________________________________________________

Replace the relative clause in each of the following sentences with a non-finite from of the verb.

1. At the station we were met by a man who was carrying a balck briefcase.

2. The next train that will arrive is from Edinburch

3. Anyone who did not hear that noise must have been stone deaf.

4. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.

5. Any driver who does not have a licence ought to be sent to prison right away.

6.The train which was standing at platform six is for Bristol.

7. Any article that is left on the bus will be taken to the Lost Property Office.

8. Everybody, who heard the noise, jumped up in alarm.

9. The last problem, which should be considered at out next meeting, is how to invest the money.

10. The best man who you can see for your eye trouble is Doctor Edwards.

11. We collided with a car which was driven by a young man without a license.

12. A car, which was coming unexpectededly out of a side street, crashed into us.

13. The first man who flew non-stop across the Atlantic was John Alcock.

14. The cheapest place where we can eat is the cafeteria.

15. He was accompanied by a porter who weighed at least 150 kilos.