\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1+1+1}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{1}=3\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a^3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=a^3=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^3=\dfrac{1}{27}\)

\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) ; \(\forall a;b;c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=c\)

Lại có:

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge0\) ; \(\forall a;b;c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge-\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(P_{min}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\) khi \(a+b+c=0\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 số dương ta có:

a 2 + b 2 ≥ 2 a b ,   b 2 + c 2 ≥ 2 b c ,   c 2 + a 2 ≥ 2 c a  

Do đó:  2 a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ≥ 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) = 2.9 = 18 ⇒ 2 P ≥ 18 ⇒ P ≥ 9

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi  a = b = c = 3 . Vậy MinP= 9 khi  a = b = c = 3

Vì  a ,   b ,   c   ≥ 1 , nên  ( a − 1 ) ( b − 1 ) ≥ 0 ⇔ a b − a − b + 1 ≥ 0 ⇔ a b + 1 ≥ a + b

Tương tự ta có  b c + 1 ≥ b + c ,   c a + 1 ≥ c + a  

Do đó  a b + b c + c a + 3 ≥ 2 ( a + b + c ) ⇔ a + b + c ≤ 9 + 3 2 = 6

Mà   P = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = a + b + c 2 − 2 a b + b c + c a = a + b + c 2 – 18

⇒ P ≤ 36 − 18 = 18 . Dấu bằng xảy ra khi :  a = 4 ; b = c = 1 b = 4 ; a = c = 1 c = 4 ; a = b = 1

Vậy maxP= 18 khi :  a = 4 ; b = c = 1 b = 4 ; a = c = 1 c = 4 ; a = b = 1

\(P\le a^2+b^2+c^2+3\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=12\)

\(P_{max}=12\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Lại có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3}\)

\(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=3\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le a+b+c\le3\)

\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}+3\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+3\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Đặt \(a+b+c=x\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le x\le3\)

\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2+3x-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+6+\sqrt{3}\right)+3\sqrt{3}\ge3\sqrt{3}\)

\(P_{min}=3\sqrt{3}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{3}\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;\sqrt{3}\right)\) và hoán vị

thế bạn bt hok

\(\)Ta có: \(a+b+c=0 \Rightarrow b+c=-a \Rightarrow (b+c)^2=(-a)^2 \Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2+2bc=a^2 \Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\)

Tương tự: \(b^2-c^2-a^2=2ca;c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\)

\(P=...=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

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Bổ đề \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\)

Ở đây ta c/m chiều thuận:
Với \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a+b=-c \Rightarrow (a+b)^3=(-c)^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)=-c^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc(QED)\)

\(\left(ad+bc\right)\left(a^2d^2+b^2c^2\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3d^3+adb^2c^2+bca^2d^2+b^3c^3=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3d^3+abcd\left(bc+ad\right)+b^3c^3=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3d^3+abcd.0+b^3c^3=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3d^3+b^3c^3=0\)

Thay \(a=-\left(b+c\right)\) ; \(a+c=-b\) và \(a+b=-c\) vào điều kiện thứ 2 ta có 

\(\left(b+c\right)^2=2\left(-b+1\right)\left(-c-1\right)\)

 <=> \(b^2+c^2+2bc=2bc+2b-2c-2\)

<=> \(\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c+1\right)^2=0\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=1\\c=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

suy ra: a=0. Vậy A = a² + b² + c² = 2