b phan d

Theo tính chất của dãy tỉ só bằng nhau ta có:

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d+a}=1\)

=> a=b=c=d

=> M=1+1+1+1=4

Ta có: \(a,b,c,d\in N^{\times}\)nên:

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c< a+b+c+d\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)

Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{b}{a+b+d}>\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)

Và: \(\frac{c}{a+c+d}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)

Và: \(\frac{d}{b+c+d}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow M>\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)

Lại có: \(a,b,c,d\in N^{\times}\) nên:

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c>a+b\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a}{a+b}\)

Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{b}{a+b+d}< \frac{b}{a+b}\)

Và: \(\frac{c}{a+c+d}< \frac{c}{c+d}\)

Và: \(\frac{d}{b+c+d}< \frac{d}{c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow M< \frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{c+d}{c+d}=2\)

Vậy \(1< M< 2\) nên \(M\) không phải số tự nhiên.

trừ mỗi tỉ lệ cho 1 ta được:

\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-\frac{a}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-\frac{b}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-\frac{c}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-\frac{d}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)

+Nếu a+b+c+d\(\ne\)0 thì a=b=c=d lúc đó 

M=1+1+1+1=4

+Nếu a+b+c+d=0 thì a+b=-(c+d);b+c=-(d+a);c+d=-(a+b);d+a=-(b+c) lúc đó:

M=(-1)+(-1)+(-1)+(-1)=-4

\(\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}=\frac{a+b+2c+d+a+b+c+2d}{c+d}=\frac{2a+2b+3c+3d}{c+d}\)

\(=\frac{2\left(a+b\right)}{c+d}+\frac{3\left(c+d\right)}{c+d}=2.\frac{a+b}{c+d}+3\)

\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}=\frac{2a+b+c+d+a+b+c+2d}{a+d}=\frac{3a+3d+2c+2b}{a+d}\)

\(=\frac{3\left(a+d\right)}{a+d}+\frac{2\left(b+c\right)}{a+d}=3+2.\frac{b+c}{a+d}\)

\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{2a+b+c+d+a+2b+c+d}{a+b}=\frac{3a+3b+2c+2d}{a+b}\)

\(=\frac{3\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\frac{2\left(c+d\right)}{a+b}=3+\frac{c+d}{a+b}.2\)

\(\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+2b+c+d+a+b+2c+d}{b+c}=\frac{3b+3c+2a+2d}{b+c}\)

\(=\frac{3\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{2\left(a+d\right)}{b+c}=3+\frac{a+d}{b+c}.2\)

\(\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}=\frac{5\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=5\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a+b+c+d}{a}+\frac{a+2b+c+d}{b}+\frac{a+b+2c+d}{c}+\frac{a+b+c+2d}{d}=5.4=20\)

\(\Rightarrow3+\frac{a+b}{c+d}.2+3+\frac{b+c}{a+d}.2+3+\frac{c+d}{a+b}.2+3+\frac{d+a}{b+c}.2=20\)

\(\Rightarrow2.\left(\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}\right)=20-3-3-3-3\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+d}{b+a}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}=8:2=4\)

vậy \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}=4\)

Cộng thêm 1 vào mỗi đẳng thức, ta được:

\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1=\frac{b}{a+c+d}+1=\frac{c}{a+b+d}+1=\frac{d}{a+b+c}+1\)

\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}\)

Vì các tử số của mỗi tỉ số bằng nhau nên các mẫu số của mỗi tỉ số cũng bằng nhau

\(\Rightarrow b+c+d=a+c+d=a+b+d=a+b+c\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{a+d}{b+c}=1+1+1+1=4\)

bạn gửi câu hỏi trên google đi

cái này mà là của lớp 3 à. Sao khó thế

cái này ít nhất cũng phải lớp 6 lớp 7

Đặt \(S=\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{c+d+a}+\frac{c}{d+a+b}+\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)

\(=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac+ad}+\frac{b^2}{bc+bd+ab}+\frac{c^2}{cd+ac+bc}+\frac{d^2}{ad+bd+cd}\)

Theo Svac-xơ thì \(S\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\)

\(=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}{2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\)

Ngoài ra ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+b^2\ge2ab;a^2+c^2\ge2ac;a^2+d^2\ge2ad\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc;b^2+d^2\ge2bd;c^2+d^2\ge2cd\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow S\ge\frac{\frac{8}{3}\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}{2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}=\frac{8}{6}=\frac{4}{3}\)

Đặt \(P=\frac{b+c+d}{a}+\frac{c+d+a}{b}+\frac{d+a+b}{c}+\frac{a+b+c}{d}\)

\(=\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{d}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{d}{b}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{d}{c}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{a}{d}+\frac{b}{d}+\frac{c}{d}\)

\(=\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{d}{a}+\frac{a}{d}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{d}{b}+\frac{b}{d}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{d}+\frac{d}{c}\right)\)

\(\ge2.6=12\)

\(\Rightarrow M=S+P\ge\frac{5}{6}+12=12\frac{5}{6}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = d

Vì \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)

⇒ \(ad< bc\)

⇒ \(2018ad< 2018bc\)

⇒ \(2018ad+cd< 2018bc+cd\)

⇒ \(\left(2018a+c\right)d< \left(2018b+d\right)c\)

⇒ \(\frac{2018a+c}{2018b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)

Vậy \(\frac{2018a+c}{2018b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\) (ĐPCM)