Speech is one of the most important means of communicating. It consists of far more than just
making noises. To talk and also to be understood by other people, we have to speak a language, that is,
we have to use combinations of (23)______that everyone agrees stand for a particular object or idea.
Communication would be impossible if everyone made up their own language.
Learning a language properly is very (24)_____. The basic vocabulary of English is not very
large, and only about 2000 words are needed to speak it quite (25)_____. But the more words you know,
the more ideas you can (26)______and the more precise you can be about their exact meaning.
Words are the (27)_____ thing we use in communicating what we want to say. The way we
(28)______ the words is also very important. Our tone of voice can express many emotions and show
whether we are pleased of angry, for instance.
23 A. systems B. talks C. languages D. sounds
24 A. easy B. important C. expensive D. simple
25 A. fluent B. perfect C. good D. well
26 A. grow B. need C. pass D. express
27 A. most B. main C. certain D. full
28 A. send B. say C. talk D. pass
V. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer A, B, C or D to each question below. (1.0pt)
Every day on radio, on TV, and in the newspaper, we hear, see or read about many problems in
the world, for example, pollution problems.
Air pollution is the first kind. It mostly comes from fumes released from motorbikes, cars, airplanes,
trains and poisonous gases emitted from factories. Also, waste is dumped any where, even in the city
where many people are living. The second pollution problem is sea pollution. Many people earn their
living from fishing in the sea, and the fish they catch feed many people. But the sea has become so
polluted from oil spills and factory wastes that the fish are dying. This pollution is not only killing the
fish, but is also affecting those people who eat fish.
Seldom do you find a place nowadays that is not polluted. This problem is growing more difficult
every day. We must find a good solution that makes the world a better place to live.
29. We hear, see and read about problems in the world _________
A. every year B. once a week C. every day D. every week
30. What causes the air pollution?
A. fumes from vehicles. B. poisonous gases from factories.
C. waste from everywhere. D. all are correct.
31. The sea has become polluted because of _________
A. oil spills and factories wastes B. polluted land
C. smoke from factories D. people
32. In order to make the world a better place to live, we _________
A. should find a good solution. B. should not prevent pollution

  My most favourite subject is English, which is today one of the most important languagea and it is spoken and understood in all parts of the world. 

  English has become an international language for a variety of reasons. One of the most important of those is that the English people have been well-known for their knowledge of science, medicine, engineering, goverment and all other matters that are useful for the progress of the human race. It is thanks to the scientists of England that the motor-engine has become the most important machine in the world today.

 The thirst for knowledge of English scholars has contributed to progress of man in almost all fields of his activity. Thousands of books have been written by such scholars on almost every subject that one can think of. Thus, people whose mother tongue is not English have learnt English with great interest as a means of acquiring knowledge of all human affairs.

  As a result of this interest, English is used almost everywhere in the world. It it used in all the important meetings and conferences in the United Nations. It is also used in all leading universities in the world and in international trade and commerce. As it is used sowidely, English has inded become a very rich language. People of all the countries of the world have contributed new ideas and thoughts to this language. Thus, more and more new words are being created to make this language more and more useful for the communication of ideas and information among the people of the world.

1. English is the most important language in the world because ...

A. It is spoken and understood in all parts of the world

B. It is my favourite subject

C. it is used in meetings

D. it is used in all leading universities

2. The motor-engine has become the most important machine in the world today thanks to .....

A. the people all over the world

B. the scientists of England

C. the United Nations 

D. The Americans

3. Thousands of books .....

A. have been sold by English scholars on almost every subject

B. were written in English

C. were read by English scholars

D. have been written by English scholarson almost every subject that one can think of

4. Because English is used so widely, ............

A. it has bacome a very rich language

B. it has bacome a very interesting language

C. it has indeed become a very poor language

D. it has become a very useless language

5. Why do people whose mother tongue is not English have learnt English with great interest ?

A. Beacause it is a means of doing rything for all human affairs

B. Because it is an international language

C. Because it is a means of acquiring knowledge of all human affairs

D. Because it is a means of practising what people have achived in their jobs.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 7.

LEVELS OF VOCABULARY

Most languages have several levels of vocabulary that may be used by the same speakers. In English, at least three have been identified and described.

Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than writing.

Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.

It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard”, “colloquial”, and “slang” exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use three types of expressions.

What does the author mean by the statement in paragraph 2: “Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations.”?

A. Familiar words and phrases are found in both speech and writing in formal settings.

B. Familiar situations that are experienced by most people are called colloquialisms.

C. Informal language contains colloquialisms, which are not found in more formal language.

D. Most of the speakers of a language can used both formal and informal speech in their appropriate situations.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Most languages have several levels of vocabulary that may be used by the same speakers. In English, at least three have been identified and described.

Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than writing.

Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.

It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard”, “colloquial”, and “slang” exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use three types of expressions.

Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? 

A. Standard speech 

B. Idiomatic phrases

C. Different types of vocabulary 

D. Dictionary usage 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Most languages have several levels of vocabulary that may be used by the same speakers. In English, at least three have been identified and described.

Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than writing.

Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.

It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard”, “colloquial”, and “slang” exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use three types of expressions.

Which of the following is TRUE of standard usage? 

A. It is limited to written language.

B. It is only understood by the upper classes.

C. It can be used in formal or informal settings. 

D. It is constantly changing

Read the followingpassage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question.

Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects - an estimated 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.

Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions.

For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed.

A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates, In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.

In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.

Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists? 

A. Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions 

B. Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups 

C. European butterfly habitats 

D. Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate themcorrect answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

LEVELS OF VOCABULARY

Most languages have several levels of vocabulary that may be used by the same speakers. In English, at least three have been identified and described.
        Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority.

Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than writing. Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.

It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard”, “colloquial”, and “slang” exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use three types of expressions.

How is slang defined by the author?

A. Words and phrases accepted by the majority of formal usage.

B. Words or phrases understood by the majority but not found in standard dictionaries.

C. Words or phrases that are understood by a restricted group of speakers.

D. Words or phrases understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as formal usage.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Most languages have several levels of vocabulary that may be used by the same speakers. In English, at least three have been identified and described.

Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than writing.

Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.

It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard”, “colloquial”, and “slang” exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use three types of expressions.

The word “obscurity” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _____. 

A. disappearance 

B. influence 

C. qualification 

D. tolerance 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Most languages have several levels of vocabulary that may be used by the same speakers. In English, at least three have been identified and described.

Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than writing.

Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.

It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard”, “colloquial”, and “slang” exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use three types of expressions.

How is slang defined by the author? 

A. Words and phrases accepted by the majority of formal usage

B. Words or phrases understood by the majority but not found in standard dictionaries

C. Words or phrases that are understood by a restricted group of speakers

D. Words or phrases understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as formal usage