a) \(6xy+4x-9y-7=0\)

  \(\Leftrightarrow2x.\left(3y+2\right)-9y-6-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x.\left(3y+x\right)-3.\left(3y+2\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3\right).\left(3y+2\right)=1\)

Mà \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow2x-3;3y+2\in Z\)

Tự làm típ

\(A=x^3+y^3+xy\)

\(A=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+xy\)

\(A=x^2-xy+y^2+xy\)( vì \(x+y=1\))

\(A=x^2+y^2\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiakovxky ta có :

\(\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x\cdot1+y\cdot1\right)^2=\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

Hay \(x^3+y^3+xy\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)

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Bài 1 : 

Phương trình <=> 2^x . x² = ( 3y + 1 ) ² + 15

Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}3y+1\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\\15\equiv0\left(mod3\right)\end{cases}\Rightarrow\left(3y+1\right)^2+15\equiv1\left(mod3\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow2^x.x^2\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\Rightarrow x^2\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\)

( Vì số  chính phương chia 3 dư 0 hoặc 1 ) 

\(\Rightarrow2^x\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\Rightarrow x\equiv2k\left(k\inℕ\right)\)

Vậy \(2^{2k}.\left(2k\right)^2-\left(3y+1\right)^2=15\Leftrightarrow\left(2^k.2.k-3y-1\right).\left(2^k.2k+3y+1\right)=15\)

Vì y ,k \(\inℕ\)nên 2^k . 2k + 3y + 1 > 2^k .2k - 3y-1>0

Vậy ta có các trường hợp: 

\(+\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k-3y-1=1\\2k.2k+3y+1=15\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k=8\\3y+1=7\end{cases}\Rightarrow}k\notinℕ\left(L\right)}\)

\(+,\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k-3y-1=3\\2k.2k+3y+1=5\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k=4\\3y+1=1\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}k=1\\y=0\end{cases}\left(TM\right)}}\)

Vậy ( x ; y ) =( 2 ; 0 ) 

Bài 3: 

Giả sử \(5^p-2^p=a^m\)    \(\left(a;m\inℕ,a,m\ge2\right)\)

Với \(p=2\Rightarrow a^m=21\left(l\right)\)

Với \(p=3\Rightarrow a^m=117\left(l\right)\)

Với \(p>3\)nên p lẻ, ta có

\(5^p-2^p=3\left(5^{p-1}+2.5^{p-2}+...+2^{p-1}\right)\Rightarrow5^p-2^p=3^k\left(1\right)\)    \(\left(k\inℕ,k\ge2\right)\)

Mà \(5\equiv2\left(mod3\right)\Rightarrow5^x.2^{p-1-x}\equiv2^{p-1}\left(mod3\right),x=\overline{1,p-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow5^{p-1}+2.5^{p-2}+...+2^{p-1}\equiv p.2^{p-1}\left(mod3\right)\)

Vì p và \(2^{p-1}\)không chia hết cho 3 nên \(5^{p-1}+2.5^{p-2}+...+2^{p-1}⋮̸3\)

Do đó: \(5^p-2^p\ne3^k\), mâu thuẫn với (1). Suy ra giả sử là điều vô lý

\(\rightarrowĐPCM\)

Bài 4:

Ta đặt: \(S=6^m+2^n+2\)

TH1: n chẵn thì:

\(S=6^m+2^n+2=6^m+2\left(2^{n-1}+1\right)\)

Mà \(2^{n-1}+1⋮3\Rightarrow2\left(2^{n-1}+1\right)⋮6\Rightarrow S⋮6\)

Đồng thời S là scp

Cho nên: \(S=6^m+2\left(2^{n-1}\right)=\left(6k\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6^m+6\left(2^{n-2}-2^{n-3}+...+2-1\right)=36k^2\)

Đặt: \(A\left(n\right)=2^{n-2}-2^{n-3}+...+2-1=2^{n-3}+...+1\)là số lẻ

Tiếp tục tương đương: \(6^{m-1}+A\left(n\right)=6k^2\)

Vì A(n) lẻ và 6k^2 là chẵn nên: \(6^{m-1}\)lẻ\(\Rightarrow m=1\)

Thế vào ban đầu: \(S=8+2^n=36k^2\)

Vì n=2x(do n chẵn) nên tiếp tục tương đương: \(8+\left(2^x\right)^2=36k^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8=\left(6k-2^x\right)\left(6k+2^x\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2=\left(3k-2^{x-1}\right)\left(3k+2^{x-1}\right)\)

Vì \(3k+2^{x-1}>3k-2^{x-1}>0\)(lớn hơn 0 vì 2>0 và \(3k+2^{x-1}>0\))

Nên: \(\hept{\begin{cases}3k+2^{x-1}=2\\3k-2^{x-1}=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow6k=3\Rightarrow k\notin Z\)(loại)

TH2: n là số lẻ

\(S=6^m+2^n+2=\left(2k\right)^2\)(do S chia hết cho 2 và S là scp)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\cdot6^{m-1}+2^{n-1}+1=2k^2\)là số chẵn

\(\Rightarrow3\cdot6^{m-1}+2^{n-1}\)là số lẻ

Chia tiếp thành 2TH nhỏ: 

TH2/1: \(3\cdot6^{m-1}\)lẻ và \(2^{n-1}\)chẵn với n là số lẻ

Ta thu đc: m=1 và thế vào ban đầu

\(S=2^n+8=\left(2k\right)^2\)(n lớn hơn hoặc bằng 3)

\(\Leftrightarrow2^{n-2}+2=k^2\)

Vì \(k^2⋮2\Rightarrow k⋮2\Rightarrow k^2=\left(2t\right)^2\)

Tiếp tục tương đương: \(2^{n-2}+2=4t^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2^{n-3}+1=2t^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2^{n-3}\)là số lẻ nên n=3

Vậy ta nhận đc: \(\left(m;n\right)=\left(1;3\right)\)

TH2/2: \(3\cdot6^{m-1}\)là số chẵn và \(2^{n-1}\)là số lẻ

Suy ra: n=1

Thế vào trên: \(6^m+4=4k^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6^m=\left(2k-2\right)\left(2k+2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2k-2=6^q\\2k+2=6^p\end{cases}}\Rightarrow p+q=m\)

Và \(6^p-6^q=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6^q\left(6^{p-q}-1\right)=4\Leftrightarrow6^q\le4\Rightarrow q=1\)(do là tích 2 stn)

\(\Rightarrow k\notin Z\)

Vậy \(\left(m;n\right)=\left(1;3\right)\)

P/S: mk không kiểm lại nên có thể sai

`1)`

`a)3x^2-6xy+3y^2=3(x^2-2xy+y^2)=3(x-y)^2`

`b)(x-y)^2-4x^2=(x-y-2x)(x-y+2x)=(-x-y)(3x-y)`

`2)`

`a)2x(x-3)-x+3=0`

`<=>2x(x-3)-(x-3)=0`

`<=>(x-3)(2x-1)=0`

`<=>[(x=3),(x=1/2):}`

`b)x^2+5x+6=0`

`<=>x^2+2x+3x+6=0`

`<=>(x+2)(x+3)=0`

`<=>[(x=-2),(x=-3):}`

Bài 2:

1: \(\left(2x-1\right)^2-4\left(2x-1\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x-1-4\right)=0\)

=>(2x-1)(2x-5)=0

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=0\\2x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

2: \(9x^3-x=0\)

=>\(x\left(9x^2-1\right)=0\)

=>x(3x-1)(3x+1)=0

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\3x-1=0\\3x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

3: \(\left(3-2x\right)^2-2\left(2x-3\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(2x-3\right)^2-2\left(2x-3\right)=0\)

=>(2x-3)(2x-3-2)=0

=>(2x-3)(2x-5)=0

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-3=0\\2x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x=\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

4: \(\left(2x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)-10x+25=0\)

=>\(2x^2+10x-5x-25-10x+25=0\)

=>\(2x^2-5x=0\)

=>\(x\left(2x-5\right)=0\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 1:

1: \(3x^3y^2-6xy\)

\(=3xy\cdot x^2y-3xy\cdot2\)

\(=3xy\left(x^2y-2\right)\)

2: \(\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+3y\right)-2\left(x-2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2y\right)\cdot\left(x+3y\right)-2\cdot\left(x-2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+3y-2\right)\)

3: \(\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-2y\right)-5x\left(2y-x\right)\)

\(=\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-2y\right)+5x\left(x-2y\right)\)

\(=(x-2y)(3x-1+5x)\)

\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(8x-1\right)\)

4: \(x^2-y^2-6y-9\)

\(=x^2-\left(y^2+6y+9\right)\)

\(=x^2-\left(y+3\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x-y-3\right)\left(x+y+3\right)\)

5: \(\left(3x-y\right)^2-4y^2\)

\(=\left(3x-y\right)^2-\left(2y\right)^2\)

\(=\left(3x-y-2y\right)\left(3x-y+2y\right)\)

\(=\left(3x-3y\right)\left(3x+y\right)\)

\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(3x+y\right)\)

6: \(4x^2-9y^2-4x+1\)

\(=\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-9y^2\)

\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(3y\right)^2\)

\(=\left(2x-1-3y\right)\left(2x-1+3y\right)\)

8: \(x^2y-xy^2-2x+2y\)

\(=xy\left(x-y\right)-2\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(xy-2\right)\)

9: \(x^2-y^2-2x+2y\)

\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)-\left(2x-2y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-2\right)\)

Cau 1 : 2 !nhe bn hien

1.

\(y^2+y\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)+x^5-x^4+2x^3-2x^2\)

\(\Delta=\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)^2-4\left(x^5-x^4+2x^3-2x^2\right)\)

\(=\left(x^3-x^2+3x\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{-x^3-x^2-x+x^3-x^2+3x}{2}=-x^2+x\\y=\dfrac{-x^3-x^2-x-x^3+x^2-3x}{2}=-x^3-2x\end{matrix}\right.\)

Hay đa thức trên có thể phân tích thành:

\(\left(x^2-x+y\right)\left(x^3+2x+y\right)\)

Dựa vào đó em tự tách cho phù hợp

2.

\(VT=a\left(\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)+b\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)+c\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)\)

\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a}{bc}+\dfrac{2b}{ac}+\dfrac{2c}{ab}=2\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\)

\(VP=\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{abc}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\le0\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

3.

\(\dfrac{x^2-yz}{a}=\dfrac{y^2-xz}{b}=\dfrac{z^2-xy}{c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x^2-yz}{a}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{y^2-xz}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{z^2-xy}{c}\right)=\dfrac{\left(x^2-yz\right)^2-\left(y^2-xz\right)\left(z^2-xy\right)}{a^2-bc}\)

\(=\dfrac{x\left(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\right)}{a^2-bc}\)

Tương tự:

\(\left(\dfrac{y^2-xz}{b}\right)^2=\dfrac{y\left(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\right)}{b^2-ac}\)

\(\left(\dfrac{z^2-xy}{c}\right)^2=\dfrac{z\left(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\right)}{c^2-ab}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x\left(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\right)}{a^2-bc}=\dfrac{y\left(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\right)}{b^2-ac}=\dfrac{z\left(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\right)}{c^2-ab}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{a^2-bc}=\dfrac{y}{b^2-ac}=\dfrac{z}{c^2-ab}\Rightarrowđpcm\)