Thay x = -1 , y = 2 vào đa thức P ta được:

\(\begin{array}{l}P = {\left( { - 1} \right)^3}.2 - 14.{2^3} - 6.\left( { - 1} \right).2^2 + 2 + 2\\P =  - 2 - 112 + 24 + 4 = -86\end{array}\)

Vậy đa thức P = -86 tại x = -1; y = 2

a) Thay x = -1, y = 1 vào đa thức A ta được:

\(\begin{array}{l}A = 4.{\left( { - 1} \right)^6} - 2.{\left( { - 1} \right)^2}{.1^3} - 5.\left( { - 1} \right).1 + 2\\A = 4 - 2 + 5 + 2 = 9\end{array}\)

Vậy A =9 tại x = -1; y = 1

Thay x = -1, y = 1 vào đa thức B ta được:

\(\begin{array}{l}B = 3.{\left( { - 1} \right)^2}{.1^3} + 5.\left( { - 1} \right).1 - 7\\B = 3 - 5 - 7 =  - 9\end{array}\)

Vậy B = -9 tại x = -1; y = 1

b) Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}A + B = \left( {4{{\rm{x}}^6} - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} - 5{\rm{x}}y + 2} \right) + \left( {3{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} + 5{\rm{x}}y - 7} \right)\\ = 4{{\rm{x}}^6} - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} - 5{\rm{x}}y + 2 + 3{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} + 5{\rm{x}}y - 7\\ = 4{{\rm{x}}^6} + \left( { - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} + 3{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3}} \right) + \left( { - 5{\rm{x}}y + 5{\rm{x}}y} \right) + 2 - 7\\ = 4{{\rm{x}}^6} + {x^2}{y^3} - 5\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}A - B = \left( {4{{\rm{x}}^6} - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} - 5{\rm{x}}y + 2} \right) - \left( {3{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} + 5{\rm{x}}y - 7} \right)\\ = 4{{\rm{x}}^6} - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} - 5{\rm{x}}y + 2 - 3{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} - 5{\rm{x}}y + 7\\ = 4{{\rm{x}}^6} + \left( { - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3} - 3{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^3}} \right) + \left( { - 5{\rm{x}}y - 5{\rm{x}}y} \right) + 2 + 7\\ = 4{{\rm{x}}^6} - 5{x^2}{y^3} - 10{\rm{x}}y + 9\end{array}\)

Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}R = {x^3} - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}y - {x^2}y + 3{\rm{x}}{y^2} - {y^3}\\R = {x^3} + \left( { - 2{{\rm{x}}^2}y - {x^2}y} \right) + 3{\rm{x}}{y^2} - {y^3}\\R = {x^3} - 3{{\rm{x}}^2}y + 3{\rm{x}}{y^2} - {y^3}\end{array}\)

a) Các biểu thức: \(\dfrac{1}{5}x{y^2}{z^3}; - \dfrac{3}{2}{x^4}{\rm{yx}}{{\rm{z}}^2}\) là đơn thức

b) Các biểu thức: \(2 - x + y; - 5{{\rm{x}}^2}y{z^3} + \dfrac{1}{3}x{y^2}z + x + 1\) là đa thức

\(\begin{array}{l}a)3{{\rm{x}}^2} - 6{\rm{x}}y + 3{y^2} - 5{\rm{x}} + 5y\\ = \left( {3{{\rm{x}}^2} - 6{\rm{x}}y + 3{y^2}} \right) - \left( {5{\rm{x}} - 5y} \right)\\ = 3\left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}} \right) - 5\left( {x - y} \right)\\ = 3{\left( {x - y} \right)^2} - 5\left( {x - y} \right)\\ = \left( {x - y} \right)\left[ {3\left( {x - y} \right) - 5} \right] = \left( {x - y} \right)\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 3y - 5} \right)\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}b)2{{\rm{x}}^2}y + 4{\rm{x}}{y^2} + 2{y^3} - 8y\\ = 2y\left[ {\left( {{x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}} \right) - 4} \right]\\ = 2y\left[ {{{\left( {x + y} \right)}^2} - {2^2}} \right]\\ = 2y\left( {x + y + 2} \right)\left( {x + y - 2} \right)\end{array}\)

a) Vì x = 1,2 và x + y = 6,2 nên \(y = 6,2 - x = 6,2 - 1,2 = 5\)

\(\begin{array}{l}P = \left( {5{{\rm{x}}^2} - 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}} \right) - \left( {{x^2} + {y^2}} \right) - \left( {4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 5{\rm{x}}y + 1} \right)\\P = 5{{\rm{x}}^2} - 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2} - {x^2} - {y^2} - 4{{\rm{x}}^2} + 5{\rm{x}}y - 1\\P = \left( {5{{\rm{x}}^2} - {x^2} - 4{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right) + \left( {{y^2} - {y^2}} \right) + \left( { - 2{\rm{x}}y + 5{\rm{x}}y} \right)\\P = 3{\rm{x}}y - 1 \end{array}\)

Thay x = 1,2; y = 5 vào biểu thức P = 3xy - 1 ta được

\(P = 3.1,2.5 - 1 = 17\)

Vậy P = 17

b) Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\left( {{x^2} - 5{\rm{x}} + 4} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right) - \left( {2{{\rm{x}}^2} - x - 10} \right)\left( {x - 3} \right)\\ = {x^2}.2{\rm{x}} + {x^2}.3 - 5{\rm{x}}.2{\rm{x}} - 5{\rm{x}}.3 + 4.2{\rm{x}} + 4.3 - {\rm{[2}}{{\rm{x}}^2}.x + 2{{\rm{x}}^2}.( - 3) - x.x - x.( - 3) - 10.x - 10.( - 3){\rm{]}}\\ = 2{{\rm{x}}^3} + 3{{\rm{x}}^2} - 10{{\rm{x}}^2} - 15{\rm{x}} + 8{\rm{x}} + 12 - 2{{\rm{x}}^3} + 6{\rm{x}}{}^2 + {x^2} - 3{\rm{x}} + 10{\rm{x}} - 30\\ = \left( {2{{\rm{x}}^3} - 2{{\rm{x}}^3}} \right) + \left( {3{{\rm{x}}^2} - 10{{\rm{x}}^2} + 6{{\rm{x}}^2} + {x^2}} \right) + ( - 15{\rm{x}} + 8{\rm{x}} - 3{\rm{x}} + 10{\rm{x}}) +(12-30)\\ =  - 18\end{array}\)

Vậy biểu thức đã cho bằng -18 nên không phụ thuộc vào biến x

a) \(y' = 2.3{{\rm{x}}^2} - \frac{1}{2}.2{\rm{x}} + 4.1 - 0 = 6{{\rm{x}}^2} - x + 4\).

b) \(y' = \frac{{{{\left( { - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right)}^\prime }.\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right) - \left( { - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right).{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^\prime }}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 2\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right) - \left( { - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right).1}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{ - 2{\rm{x}} + 8 + 2{\rm{x}} - 3}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{5}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 4} \right)}^2}}}\)

c) \(y' = \frac{{{{\left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right)}^\prime }\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right){{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^\prime }}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 2} \right)\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 3} \right).1}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\) \( = \frac{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} - 2{\rm{x}} - 2{\rm{x}} + 2 - {x^2} + 2{\rm{x}} - 3}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\)

\( = \frac{{{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} - 1}}{{{{\left( {{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}\)

d) \(y' = {\left( {\sqrt 5 .\sqrt x } \right)^\prime } = \sqrt 5 .\frac{1}{{2\sqrt x }} = \frac{{\sqrt 5 }}{{2\sqrt x }} = \frac{5}{{2\sqrt {5x} }}\).

\(a)4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 12{\rm{x}}y + 9{y^2} = {\left( {2{\rm{x}}} \right)^2} - 2.2{\rm{x}}.3y + {\left( {3y} \right)^2} = {\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 3y} \right)^2}\)

\(b){x^3} + 9{{\rm{x}}^2} + 27{\rm{x}} + 27 = {x^3} + 3.{x^2}.3 + 3.x{.3^2} + {3^3} = {\left( {x + 3} \right)^3}\)

\(c)8{y^3} - 12{y^2} + 6y - 1 = {\left( {2y} \right)^3} - 3.{\left( {2y} \right)^2}.1 + 3.2y{.1^2} - {1^3} = {\left( {2y - 1} \right)^3}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}d) {\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y} \right)^2} - 4{y^2}\\ = {\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y} \right)^2} - {\left( {2y} \right)^2}\\ = \left( {2{\rm{x}} + y + 2y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + y - 2y} \right) = \left( {2{\rm{x}} + 3y} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} - y} \right)\end{array}\)

\(e) 27{y^3} + 8 = {\left( {3y} \right)^3} + {2^3} = \left( {3y + 2} \right)\left( {9{y^2} - 6y + 4} \right)\)

\(g) 64 - 125{{\rm{x}}^3} = {4^3} - {\left( {5{\rm{x}}} \right)^3} = \left( {4 - 5{\rm{x}}} \right)\left( {16 + 20{\rm{x}} + 25{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right)\)

Ta có: \(P = \left( {21{{\rm{x}}^4}{y^5}} \right):\left( {7{{\rm{x}}^3}{y^3}} \right) = \left( {21:7} \right).\left( {{x^4}:{x^3}} \right).\left( {{y^5}:{y^3}} \right) = 3{\rm{x}}{y^2}\)

Thay x = -0,5; y = 2 vào biểu thức \(P = 3{\rm{x}}{y^2}\) ta được:

\(P = 3.\left( { - 0,5} \right){.2^2} =  - 6\)

Vậy P = -6 tại x = -0,5; y = 2