\(4x^3-3x+1=\left(2x-1\right)^2\left(x+1\right)\) có nghiệm kép \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1+ax^2}-bx-2=0\) có nhiều hơn 1 nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1+\dfrac{a}{4}}=\dfrac{b}{2}+2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a+4}=b+4\) (\(b\ge-4\))

\(\Rightarrow a=b^2+8b+12\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1+\left(b^2+8b+12\right)x^2}=bx+2\)

\(\Rightarrow1+\left(b^2+8b+12\right)x^2=b^2x^2+4bx+4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(8b+12\right)x^2-4bx-3=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left[\left(4b+6\right)x+3\right]=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(4b+6\right)x+3=0\) có nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2b+3+3=0\Rightarrow b=-3\) \(\Rightarrow a=-3\)

Khi đó:

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}}\dfrac{\sqrt{1-3x^2}+3x-2}{4x^3-3x+1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}}\dfrac{-12\left(2x-1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)^2\left(\sqrt{1-3x^2}+2-3x\right)}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}}\dfrac{-12}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{1-3x^2}+2-3x\right)}=-8\)

\(\Rightarrow c=-8\)

Lời giải:

\(\lim\limits_{x\to 0,5}\frac{\sqrt{1+ax^2}-bx-2}{4x^3-3x+1}=\lim\limits_{x\to 0,5}\frac{\sqrt{1+ax^2}-bx-2}{(x+1)(2x-1)^2}\)

Để giới hạn hàm đã cho hữu hạn thì $f(x)=\sqrt{1+ax^2}-bx-2$ có nhân tử là $(2x-1)^2$

$f(x)$ có nhân tử $2x-1 \Leftrightarrow f(\frac{1}{2})=0\Leftrightarrow b=\sqrt{4+a}-4$

Khi đó:

$\sqrt{1+ax^2}-bx-2=(2x-1)(2-\frac{2x+1}{\sqrt{1+ax^2}+x\sqrt{4+a}})$

Giờ ta cần xác định $a,b$ để $2-\frac{2x+1}{\sqrt{1+ax^2}+x\sqrt{4+a}}=0$ với $x=\frac{1}{2}$

$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{4+a}=1\Leftrightarrow a=-3$

$b=\sqrt{4+a}-4=-3$

\(\lim\limits_{x\to 0,5}\frac{\sqrt{1-3x^2}+3x-2}{4x^3-3x+1}=\lim\limits_{x\to 0,5}\frac{-3(2x-1)^2(2x+1)}{(2\sqrt{1-3x^2}+1)(\sqrt{1-3x^2}+x)(2x-1)^2(x+1)}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\to 0,5}\frac{-3(2x+1)}{(2\sqrt{1-3x^2}+1)(\sqrt{1-3x^2}+x)(x+1)}=-2=c\)

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\dfrac{-\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{x^2}-\dfrac{3x}{x^2}}+\dfrac{ax}{x}}{\dfrac{bx}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x}}=\dfrac{a-1}{b}=3\)

=> A

Do mẫu số có nghiệm kép \(x=1\) và giới hạn hữu hạn \(\Rightarrow ax+b-2\sqrt{x}=0\) có nghiệm kép \(x=1\) 

\(\Rightarrow a+b-2=0\Rightarrow b=2-a\)

\(\Rightarrow ax+2-a-2\sqrt{x}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a\left(x-1\right)-\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}+1}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(a-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+1}=0\) cũng có nghiệm \(x=1\)

\(\Rightarrow a-\dfrac{2}{1+1}=0\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow b=1\)

Thử lại: \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{x+1-2\sqrt{x}}{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+2\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1+2\sqrt{x}\right)}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1+2\sqrt{x}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{12}\) (thỏa mãn)

Để f(x) có 2 nghiệm là -2 và 2 suy ra 

f(-2)= -8a+4b-2c+d=0 (1)

f(2)=8a+4b+2c+d=0 (2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra 8b+2d=0 suy ra 4b+d=0 suy ra d=-4b

16a+4c=0 suy ra 4a+c=0 suy ra c=-4a

Vậy c=-4a; d=-4b; a,b bất kì; a khác 0

Giới hạn này x tiến tới đâu bạn?

Trình bày công thức các thứ khá dài nên tôi thử nói hướng, nếu bạn hiểu đc và làm đc thì ok còn nếu k hiểu thì bảo mình, mình làm full cho

Bây giờ phân tích mẫu trước, ra (x-1)²(x+2)

Để cái lim này nó ra đc 1 số thực thì tử và mẫu cùng phải triệt tiêu (x-1)² đi, tức là tử phải chia hết (x-1)², tức là tử cũng phải có nghiệm kép x=1

Do đó \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}f\left(1\right)=0\\f'\left(1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

1/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{2\sqrt{1+x}-2+2-\sqrt[3]{8-x}}{x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{1+x}+1}+\dfrac{x}{4+2\sqrt[3]{8-x}+\sqrt[3]{\left(8-x\right)^2}}}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1+x}+1}+\dfrac{1}{4+2\sqrt[3]{8-x}+\sqrt[3]{\left(8-x\right)^2}}\right)=\dfrac{13}{12}\)

2/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{x+7}-\sqrt{x+3}}{x^2-3x+2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{x+7}-2-\left(\sqrt{x+3}-2\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\dfrac{x-1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+7\right)^2}+2\sqrt[3]{x+7}+4}-\dfrac{x-1}{\sqrt{x+3}+2}}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+7\right)^2}+2\sqrt[3]{x+7}+4}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+3}+2}}{x-2}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)

3/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{x^2+7}-\sqrt{5-x^2}}{x^2-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{x^2+7}-2+2-\sqrt{5-x^2}}{x^2-1}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(x^2-1\right)}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x^2+7\right)^2}+2\sqrt[3]{x^2+7}+4}+\dfrac{x^2-1}{2+\sqrt{5-x^2}}}{x^2-1}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x^2+7\right)^2}+2\sqrt[3]{x^2+7}+4}+\dfrac{1}{2+\sqrt{5-x^2}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

4/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+11}-\sqrt[3]{8x+43}}{2x^2+3x-2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+11}-3-\left(\sqrt[3]{8x+43}-3\right)}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\dfrac{\dfrac{x+2}{\sqrt{x+11}+3}-\dfrac{8\left(x+2\right)}{\sqrt[3]{\left(8x+43\right)^2}+3\sqrt[3]{8x+43}+9}}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+11}+3}-\dfrac{8}{\sqrt[3]{\left(8x+43\right)^2}+3\sqrt[3]{8x+43}+9}}{2x-1}=\dfrac{7}{270}\)

5/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt[n]{1+ax}-\sqrt[m]{1+bx}}{x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt[n]{1+ax}-1-\left(\sqrt[m]{1+bx}-1\right)}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\dfrac{ax}{\sqrt[n]{\left(1+ax\right)^{n-1}}+\sqrt[n]{\left(1+ax\right)^{n-2}}+...+1}-\dfrac{bx}{\sqrt[m]{\left(1+bx\right)^{m-1}}+\sqrt[m]{\left(1+ax\right)^{m-2}}+...+1}}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{a}{\sqrt[n]{\left(1+ax\right)^{n-1}}+\sqrt[n]{\left(1+ax\right)^{n-2}}+...+1}-\dfrac{b}{\sqrt[m]{\left(1+bx\right)^{m-1}}+\sqrt[m]{\left(1+ax\right)^{m-2}}+...+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{a}{n}-\dfrac{b}{m}\)

6/ \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{1+4x}.\sqrt[3]{1+6x}-1}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{1+4x}.\sqrt[3]{1+6x}-\sqrt{1+4x}+\sqrt{1+4x}-1}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{1+4x}.\left(\sqrt[3]{1+6x}-1\right)+\sqrt{1+4x}-1}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{1+4x}.\dfrac{6x}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+6x\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{1+6x}+1}+\dfrac{4x}{\sqrt{1+4x}+1}}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\left(\dfrac{6\sqrt{1+4x}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+6x\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{1+6x}+1}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{1+4x}+1}\right)=4\)

1.

\(\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{MB'}+\overrightarrow{B'B}+\overrightarrow{BN}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AA'}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AC'}=\overrightarrow{AB'}+\overrightarrow{B'C'}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AA'}+\overrightarrow{AD}\)

\(\overrightarrow{MN}.\overrightarrow{AC'}=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AA'}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AA'}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}AB^2-AA'^2+\dfrac{1}{2}AD^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow MN\perp AC'\)

b.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AA'\perp BD\\BD\perp AC\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow BD\perp\left(ACC'A'\right)\Rightarrow BD\perp AC'\)

Tương tự: \(A'B\perp\left(ADC'B'\right)\Rightarrow A'B\perp AC'\)

\(\Rightarrow AC'\perp\left(A'BD\right)\)

2.

Phương trình \(x^3-3x+2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+2\right)=0\) có nghiệm kép \(x=1\)

Nên giới hạn đã cho hữu hạn khi và chỉ khi phương trình: \(2\sqrt{1+ax^2}-bx-1=0\) có ít nhất 2 nghiệm \(x=1\) (tức là nghiệm bội 2 trở lên)

Thay \(x=1\) vào:

\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{1+a}-b-1=0\Rightarrow2\sqrt{1+a}=b+1\)

\(\Rightarrow4\left(a+1\right)=b^2+2b+1\Rightarrow4a=b^2+2b-3\)

Khi đó:

\(\sqrt{4+4ax^2}-bx-1=0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4+\left(b^2+2b-3\right)x^2}-bx-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4+\left(b^2+2b-3\right)x^2}=bx+1\)

\(\Rightarrow4+\left(b^2+2b-3\right)x^2=b^2x^2+2bx+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2b-3\right)x^2-2bx+3=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2bx^2-2bx-3x^2+3=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2bx\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(3x+3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2bx-3x-3\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\\left(2b-3\right)x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=\dfrac{3}{2b-3}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2b-3}=1\Rightarrow b=3\Rightarrow a=3\)

\(c=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{2\sqrt{1+3x^2}-3x-1}{x^3-3x+2}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)