Exercise 6. Read and choose the right answers .

            THE FIRST ELECTRIC TRAFFIC LIGHTS

In the early 1900's, the world was developing at a very rapid pace, and with the growth of industrialization, cities became more crowded. Furthermore, with the invention automobiles, the traffic on the roads increased significantly, so there was a need for a better traffic system.

In 1912, an American policeman, Lester Wire, who was concerned with the increasing traffic, came up with the idea of the first electric traffic light. Based on Wire's design, the lights were first installed in Cleveland, Ohio, on August 5, 1914, at the corner of 105th and Euclid Avenue.

The first electric traffic light had only red and green lights; it did not have a yellow light like modern- day traffic signals. Instead of a yellow light, it had a buzzer sound that was used to indicate that the signal would be changing soon.

In the year 1920, a policeman named William Potts in Detroit, Michigan invented the first four-way and three-colored traffic lights. Apart from red and green, a third color - amber (or yellow) - was introduced. Detroit became the first city to implement the four-way and three-colored traffic lights. In the 1920's, several automated traffic signals were installed in major cities around the world. The modern traffic light still uses this famous T-shaped model with three different colors.

116. When was the first electric traffic light invented?

A. In the early 1900's                     B. In 1912                          C. On August 5, 1914                      

117. Who invented the first electric traffic light?

A. William Potts                                        B. Lester Wire                    C. Euclid Avenue

118. How many colors did the first electric traffic light have?

A. 2                                                           B. 3                                    C. 4

119. Where were the lights first installed?

A. Cleveland, Ohio                                    B. Euclid Avenue    C. at the corner of 105th

120. Where were the first three coloured traffic lights used?

A. Detroit                                                   B. Ohio                              C. Euclid Avenue

THE FIRST ELECTRIC TRAFFIC LIGHTS

In the early 1900's, the world was developing at a very rapid pace, and with the growth of industrialization, cities became more crowded. Furthermore, with the invention automobiles, the traffic on the roads increased significantly, so there was a need for a better traffic system.

In 1912, an American policeman, Lester Wire, who was concerned with the increasing traffic, came up with the idea of the first electric traffic light. Based on Wire's design, the lights were first installed in Cleveland, Ohio, on August 5, 1914, at the corner of 105th and Euclid Avenue.

The first electric traffic light had only red and green lights; it did not have a yellow light like modern- day traffic signals. Instead of a yellow light, it had a buzzer sound that was used to indicate that the signal would be changing soon.

In the year 1920, a policeman named William Potts in Detroit, Michigan invented the first four-way and three-colored traffic lights. Apart from red and green, a third color - amber (or yellow) - was introduced. Detroit became the first city to implement the four-way and three-colored traffic lights. In the 1920's, several automated traffic signals were installed in major cities around the world. The modern traffic light still uses this famous T-shaped model with three different colors.

116. When was the first electric traffic light invented?

A. In the early 1900's                              B. In 1912                         C. On August 5, 1914                   

117. Who invented the first electric traffic light?

A. William Potts                                      B. Lester Wire                  C. Euclid Avenue

118. How many colors did the first electric traffic light have?

A. 2                                                           B. 3                                    C. 4

119. Where were the lights first installed?

A. Cleveland, Ohio                                B. Euclid Avenue             C. at the corner of 105th

120. Where were the first three coloured traffic lights used?

A. Detroit                                                  B. Ohio                              C. Euclid Avenue

THE FIRST ELECTRIC TRAFFIC LIGHTS

             In the early 1900's, the world was developing at a very rapid pace, and with the growth of industrialization, cities became more crowded. Furthermore, with the invention automobiles, the traffic on the roads increased significantly, so there was a need for a better traffic system.

             In 1912, an American policeman, Lester Wire, who was concerned with the increasing traffic, came up with the idea of the first electric traffic light. Based on Wire's design, the lights were first installed in Cleveland, Ohio, on August 5, 1914, at the corner of 105th and Euclid Avenue

             The first electric traffic light had only red and green lights; it did not have a yellow light like modern- day traffic signals. Instead of a yellow light, it had a buzzer sound that was used to indicate that the signal would be changing soon.

             In the year 1920, a policeman named William Potts in Detroit, Michigan invented the first four-way and three-coloured traffic lights. Apart from red and green, a third colour - amber (or yellow) - was introduced. Detroit became the first city to implement the four-way and three-colored traffic lights. In the 1920's, several automated traffic signals were installed in major cities around the world. The modern traffic light still uses this famous T-shaped model with three different colors.

 Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Due to the invention of cars, the traffic on the roads increased rapidly.

2. The first electric traffic light was invented in 1914 by Lester Wire.

3. The first electric traffic light had red, green and amber lights.

4. The yellow light didn’t exist until the 1920s.

5. Detroit was the first city to use the red, yellow, and green lights to control road traffic.

6. The modern traffic light works on the same principle as Wire’s original light.

THE FIRST ELECTRIC TRAFFIC LIGHTS

             In the early 1900's, the world was developing at a very rapid pace, and with the growth of industrialization, cities became more crowded. Furthermore, with the invention automobiles, the traffic on the roads increased significantly, so there was a need for a better traffic system.

             In 1912, an American policeman, Lester Wire, who was concerned with the increasing traffic, came up with the idea of the first electric traffic light. Based on Wire's design, the lights were first installed in Cleveland, Ohio, on August 5, 1914, at the corner of 105th and Euclid Avenue

             The first electric traffic light had only red and green lights; it did not have a yellow light like modern- day traffic signals. Instead of a yellow light, it had a buzzer sound that was used to indicate that the signal would be changing soon.

             In the year 1920, a policeman named William Potts in Detroit, Michigan invented the first four-way and three-coloured traffic lights. Apart from red and green, a third colour - amber (or yellow) - was introduced. Detroit became the first city to implement the four-way and three-colored traffic lights. In the 1920's, several automated traffic signals were installed in major cities around the world. The modern traffic light still uses this famous T-shaped model with three different colors.

 Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Due to the invention of cars, the traffic on the roads increased rapidly.

2. The first electric traffic light was invented in 1914 by Lester Wire.

3. The first electric traffic light had red, green and amber lights.

4. The yellow light didn’t exist until the 1920s.

5. Detroit was the first city to use the red, yellow, and green lights to control road traffic.

6. The modern traffic light works on the same principle as Wire’s original light.

True  or False

In the early 1900's, the world was developing at a very rapid pace, and with the growth of industrialization, cities became more crowded. Furthermore, with the invention automobiles, the traffic on the roads increased significantly, so there was a need for a better traffic system.

In 1912, an American policeman, Lester Wire, who was concerned with the increasing traffic, came up with the idea of the first electric traffic light. Based on Wire's design, the lights were first installed in Cleveland, Ohio, on August 5, 1914, at the corner of 105th and Euclid Avenue

The first electric traffic light had only red and green lights; it did not have a yellow light like modern- day traffic signals. Instead of a yellow light, it had a buzzer sound that was used to indicate that the signal would be changing soon.

In the year 1920, a policeman named William Potts in Detroit, Michigan invented the first four-way and three-coloured traffic lights. Apart from red and green, a third colour - amber (or yellow) - was introduced. Detroit became the first city to implement the four-way and three-colored traffic lights. In the 1920's, several automated traffic signals were installed in major cities around the world. The modern traffic light still uses this famous T-shaped model with three different colors.

A. Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. Due to the invention of cars, the traffic on the roads increased rapidly.

2. The first electric traffic light was invented in 1914 by Lester Wire.

3. The first electric traffic light had red, green and amber lights.

4. The yellow light didn’t exist until the 1920s.

5. Detroit was the first city to use the red, yellow, and green lights to control road traffic.

6. The modern traffic light works on the same principle as Wire’s original light.

II. Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.

THE FIRST ELECTRIC TRAFFIC LIGHTS

In the early 1900's,the world was developing at a very rapid pace, and with the
growth of industrialization, cities became more crowded. Furthermore, with the invention
automobiles, the traffic on the roads increased significantly, so there was a need for a
better traffic system.

In 1912, an American policeman, Lester Wire, who was concerned with the
increasing traffic, came up with the idea of the first electric traffic light.Based on Wire's
design, the lights were first installed in Cleveland, Ohio, on August 5,1914, at the corner
of 105th and Euclid Avenue

The first electric traffic light had only red and green lights; it did not have a
yellow light like modern- day traffic signals.Instead of a yellow light, it had a buzzer
sound that was used to indicate that the signal would be changing soon.

In the year 1920, a policeman named William Potts in Detroit, Michigan
invented the first four-way and three-coloured traffic lights. Apart from red and green, a
third colour - amber (or yellow) - was introduced. Detroit became the first city to
implement the four-way and three-colored traffic lights. In the 1920's,several automated
traffic signals were installed in major cities around the world. The modern traffic light
still uses this famous T-shaped model with three different colors.
safest vehicles only far crossroad follow across reason

A. Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. Due to the invention of cars, the traffic on the roads increased rapidly.
2. The first electric traffic light was invented in 1914 by Lester Wire.
3. The first electric traffic light had red, green and amber lights.
4. The yellow light didn’t exist until the 1920s.
5. Detroit was the first city to use the red, yellow, and green lights to control road traffic.
6. The modern traffic light works on the same principle as Wire’s original light.
B. Answer the questions
1. When was the first electric traffic light invented?
_______________________________________________
2. Who invented the first electric traffic light?
_______________________________________________
3. How many colours did the first electric traffic light have?
_______________________________________________
4. Where were the lights first installed?
_______________________________________________
5. What was used instead of yellow light to warn everyone of a signal change?
________________________________________________
6. When was the yellow light added?
________________________________________________

X. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.

The very first, simple, text message was sent on December 3rd, 1992. It was sent by software engineer Neil Papworth to his boss  at the British mobile phone operator Vodafone. It read simply, “Merry Christmas”. Little did they know that their simple mode of communication would take the world by storm. SMS (Short Message Service) is today a multi-billion-dollar industry covering every corner of the globe. An estimated nine trillion text messages are sent globally each year. Everyone from presidents to schoolchildren to villagers in remote parts of developing countries relies on it to communicate.

SMS is now an integral part of daily life for most of us. It is the preferred method of communication between family members. One study showed that the average American teenager sends up to 60 texts a day. However, SMS has also been blamed for a decline in language ability and an increase in traffic accidents. A new sub-language has spread worldwide as texters find shortcuts to write their messages as quickly as possible using the fewest possible characters. Texting shorthand such as LOL (laugh out loud) and OMG (oh my god) has even entered the Oxford English Dictionary.

A. Match the following synonyms from the article.

1. age                    a. faraway

2. mode                b. held responsible

3. remote              c. decrease

4. relies                 d. method

5. integral              e. era

6. blamed              f. depends

7. decline              g. essential

B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. The first text message was sent to engineer Neil Papworth in 1992.

2. The first text message simply said “Merry Christmas”.

3. Today SMS is a widely used form of communication.

4. Around nine billion text messages are sent worldwide every year.

5. An average US teen supposedly sends more than 60 text messages a day.

6. People blame SMS for a decline in writing standards.

7. An abbreviated, shorthand language has been created by texters.

8. The texting acronym “LOL” is in the dictionary as “Lots of Love”.

C. Answer the questions.

1. On what day was the first text message sent?

_______________________________________________________________

2. Who was the first text message sent to?

_______________________________________________________________

3. How many words were there in the very first text message?

_______________________________________________________________

4. What does “SMS” mean?

_______________________________________________________________

5. What does everybody rely on SMS to do?

_______________________________________________________________

6. What two problems has texting been blamed for?

_______________________________________________________________

7. What did texters find to write messages more quickly?

_______________________________________________________________

8. What does “LOL” mean in a text?

_______________________________________________________________

X. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.

The very first, simple, text message was sent on December 3rd, 1992. It was sent by software engineer Neil Papworth to his boss  at the British mobile phone operator Vodafone. It read simply, “Merry Christmas”. Little did they know that their simple mode of communication would take the world by storm. SMS (Short Message Service) is today a multi-billion-dollar industry covering every corner of the globe. An estimated nine trillion text messages are sent globally each year. Everyone from presidents to schoolchildren to villagers in remote parts of developing countries relies on it to communicate.

SMS is now an integral part of daily life for most of us. It is the preferred method of communication between family members. One study showed that the average American teenager sends up to 60 texts a day. However, SMS has also been blamed for a decline in language ability and an increase in traffic accidents. A new sub-language has spread worldwide as texters find shortcuts to write their messages as quickly as possible using the fewest possible characters. Texting shorthand such as LOL (laugh out loud) and OMG (oh my god) has even entered the Oxford English Dictionary.

A. Match the following synonyms from the article.

1. age                           a. faraway

2. mode                       b. held responsible

3. remote                     c. decrease

4. relies                        d. method

5. integral                    e. era

6. blamed                    f. depends

7. decline                     g. essential

B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. The first text message was sent to engineer Neil Papworth in 1992.

2. The first text message simply said “Merry Christmas”.

3. Today SMS is a widely used form of communication.

4. Around nine billion text messages are sent worldwide every year.

5. An average US teen supposedly sends more than 60 text messages a day.

6. People blame SMS for a decline in writing standards.

7. An abbreviated, shorthand language has been created by texters.

8. The texting acronym “LOL” is in the dictionary as “Lots of Love”.

C. Answer the questions.

1. On what day was the first text message sent?

_______________________________________________________________

2. Who was the first text message sent to?

_______________________________________________________________

3. How many words were there in the very first text message?

_______________________________________________________________

4. What does “SMS” mean?

_______________________________________________________________

5. What does everybody rely on SMS to do?

_______________________________________________________________

6. What two problems has texting been blamed for?

_______________________________________________________________

7. What did texters find to write messages more quickly?

_______________________________________________________________

8. What does “LOL” mean in a text?

_______________________________________________________________

II. Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.
The Temple of Literature (Van Mieu) was constructed in 1070 under the reign of King
LyThanh Tong. The temple was originally dedicated to Confucius as well as other scholars and
sages. Six year later, the Imperial Academy (QuocTuGiam), Vietnam’s first university, was
founded by King Ly Nhan Tong on the grounds of the temple. Initially, the Imperial Academy
was the school for princes and sons from royal families and then expanded to admit brilliant
students from all over the country. In 1484 Emperor Le Thanh Tong ordered the erection of the
first stone tablets that were carved with the names, places of birth and achievements of doctors.
The university operated for more than 700 years, from 1076 to 1779.
Nowadays, the Temple of Literature – Imperial Academy (Van Mieu - QuocTuGiam) is one
of the most famous historic and cultural heritages of Vietnam. And the Doctors’ stone tablets
were recognised by UNESCO as World Documentary Heritage in 2010.
* Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. The Temple of Literature was built to honour Confucius.
2. The Imperial Academy was founded in 1070.
3. The Imperial Academy was established within the Temple of Literature.
4. The Imperial Academy was originally established to educate students from all over the
country.
5. The first Doctors’ stone tablets were erected under the Le Dynasty.
6. The Temple of Literature was recognised by UNESCO as World Heritage.

* Answer the questions.
7. When was the Imperial Academy founded?

8. How long did the Imperial Academy operate as a university?

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