Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=a^2-2ab+3b^2-2a+2009,5\)

\(P=\frac{1}{3}\left(9b^2-6ab+a^2\right)+\frac{2}{3}\left(a^2-3a+\frac{9}{4}\right)+2008\)

\(P=\frac{1}{3}\left(3b-a\right)^2+\frac{2}{3}\left(a-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+2008\ge2008\)

\(P_{min}=2008\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-\frac{3}{2}=0\\3b-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{3}{2}\\b=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{9}{4}\\y=\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thay \(xy+yz+zx=5\) vào P, ta có:

\(P=\frac{3x+3y+2z}{\sqrt{6\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\sqrt{6\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\sqrt{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si, ta có:

\(\sqrt{6\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\le\frac{3\left(x+y\right)+2\left(x+z\right)}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{6\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}\le\frac{3\left(y+x\right)+2\left(y+z\right)}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\le\frac{\left(z+x\right)+\left(z+y\right)}{2}\)

Cộng vế theo vế các bất đẳng thức cùng chiều, ta đươc:

\(\sqrt{6\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\sqrt{6\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\sqrt{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\le\frac{9}{2}x+\frac{9}{2}y+3z\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3x+3y+2z}{\frac{9}{2}x+\frac{9}{2}y+3z}=\frac{3x+3y+2z}{\frac{3}{2}\left(3x+3y+2z\right)}=\frac{2}{3}\)

Dấu "=" khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}3\left(x+y\right)=2\left(y+z\right)=2\left(z+x\right)\\z+y=z+x\\xy+yz+zx=5\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=1\\z=2\end{cases}}}\)

\(P=\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{x}{y}+\left(\dfrac{x}{3y}+3xy+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)+12\left(xy+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)-2\)

\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{xy}}+4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3x^2y}{27y}}+12.2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{9}}-2\)

\(P\ge4\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{3}}+8\sqrt{xy}=4\left(2\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{3}}\right)=4\)

\(P_{min}=4\) khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Ta có: \(\sqrt{x^2+xy+y^2}=\sqrt{x^2+xy+\frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{3y^2}{4}}=\sqrt{\left(x+\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}}\)

Tương tự ta viết lại A và áp dụng BĐT Mipcopxki :

\(A=\sqrt{\left(x+\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}}+\sqrt{\left(y+\frac{z}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3z^2}{4}}+\sqrt{\left(z+\frac{x}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3x^2}{4}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(x+\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}y}{2}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(y+\frac{z}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}z}{2}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(z+\frac{x}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}x}{2}\right)^2}\)

\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}\right)^2}\)

\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{3\cdot3}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}\cdot3}{2}\right)^2}=\sqrt{27}\)

Xảy ra khi x=y=z=1

\(x^2+5=x^2+xy+yz+zx=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{3x+3y+2z}{\sqrt{6\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\sqrt{6\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)

\(P=\frac{3x+3y+2z}{\sqrt{\left(3x+3y\right)\left(2x+2z\right)}+\sqrt{\left(3x+3y\right)\left(2y+2z\right)}+\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)

\(P\ge\frac{2\left(3x+3y+2z\right)}{3x+3y+2x+2z+3x+3y+2y+2z+x+z+y+z}\)

\(P\ge\frac{2\left(3x+3y+2z\right)}{9x+9y+6z}=\frac{2\left(3x+3y+2z\right)}{3\left(3x+3y+2z\right)}=\frac{2}{3}\)

\(P_{min}=\frac{2}{3}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=1\\z=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(5\le xy+yz+zx\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x+y+z\ge\sqrt{15}\)

\(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{8x^2+3y^2+14xy}}=\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{8x^2+2xy+3y^2+12xy}}\ge\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{9x^2+12xy+4y^2}}=\frac{x^2}{3x+2y}\)

\(A\ge sigma\frac{x^2}{3x+2y}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{5\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{5}\ge\sqrt{\frac{3}{5}}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{\frac{5}{3}}\)

h2r r1000