Giả sử có \(11,3g\) Mg.

\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=\dfrac{11,3}{24}=0,471mol\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{36,5}{36,5}=1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}< n_{HCl}\Rightarrow\)Sau phản ứng HCl còn dư.

Vậy sau phản ứng axit còn dư. (đpcm)

a) nH2 = 6,72 : 22,4 = 0,3 (MOL) 

PTHH:

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

x                         x          x (mol)

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2

y                          y            y (mol)
ta có 
65x + 24y = 11,3 
x+y=0,3 
=> x = 0,1 (mol) 
=> y = 0,2 (mol)
=> mMg = 0,2 . 24 = 4,8 (G)
=> %mMg = \(\dfrac{4,8}{11,3}\) . 100% = 42,47 % 
=> %mZn = 100% - 42,47% = 57,53 %

Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Zn, Mg

n_H2 =\(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3 mol

Pt: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

.....x......................................x

....Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

.....y.......................................y

Ta có hệ pt: {65x+24y=11,3

                    x+y=0,3

  ⇔{x=0,1y=0,2

%m_Zn = 0,2×24\

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

            \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

            \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{12,7}{36,5}=\dfrac{127}{365}\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta thấy: \(2n_{H_2}< n_{HCl}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư

b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl\left(p/ứ\right)}=2n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,3\cdot36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=0,15\cdot2=0,3\left(g\right)\)

Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{muối}=m_{KL}+m_{HCl\left(p/ứ\right)}-m_{H_2}=18,65\left(g\right)\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=2a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=3a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(m_{t\text{ăng}}=m_{KL}-m_{H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow m-m_{H_2}=m-2,4\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{H_2}=2,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,4}{2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:
`Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl_2 + H_2`

`Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl_2 + H_2`

`Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2`

Theo PTHH: 

\(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Zn}+n_{Fe}=a+2a+3a=6a\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow6a=1,2\Leftrightarrow a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,2.3=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy \(m=0,2.24+0,4.65+0,6.56=64,4\left(g\right)\)

$$\begin{array}{c}{\Delta }_m=m_Y-m_{H_2}\\ \Rightarrow m-2,4=m-m_{H_2}\\ \iff m_{H_2}=2,4gam\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\frac{2,4}{2}=1,2mol\end{array}$$

Gọi n_Mg là A => n_Zn là 2a, n_Fe là 3a

$$\begin{array}{c}Mg+2HCl\to MgC{l}_2+H_2\\ \mathrm{a\; a}\end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{c}Zn+2HCl\to ZnC{l}_2+H_2\\ \mathrm{2a\; 2a}\end{array}$$$$\begin{array}{c}Fe+2HCl\to FeC{l}_2+H_2\\ 3a\; 3a\end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{c}\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=a+2a+3a=1,2mol\\ \Rightarrow a=0,2mol\\ \Rightarrow m=0,2\cdot 24+0,2\cdot 2\cdot 65+0,2\cdot 3\cdot 56=64,4gam\end{array}$$

nH2= 0,3(mol)

PTHH: Mg +2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

x_______2x______x_______x(mol)

Zn +2 HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2

y____2y____y______y(mol)

Ta có hpt:  \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+65y=11,3\\x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> m(muối)= mMgCl2+ mZnCl2= 95x+136y=95.0,2+136.0,1=32,6(g)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)

\(\Rightarrow n_H=0,6mol=n_{HCl}\) 

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cl}=0,6.35,5=21,3g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_M=m_{KL}+m_{Cl}=11,3+21,3=32,6g\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,55.1=0,55\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5.0,55=0,275\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(n_{H\left(trc.pư\right)}=0,55+0,275.2=1,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,736}{22,4}=0,39\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{H\left(sau.pư\right)}=0,78\left(mol\right)\)

Do \(n_{H\left(trc.pư\right)}>n_{H\left(sau.pư\right)}\)

=> Axit còn dư

b) 

Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b (mol)

=> 27a + 24b = 7,74 (1)

Giả sử công thức chung của 2 axit là HX

PTHH: 2Al + 6HX --> 2AlX₃ + 3H₂

            a-------------------->1,5a

            Mg + 2HX --> MgX₂ + H₂

             b-------------------->b

=> 1,5a + b = 0,39 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,18 (mol); b = 0,12 (mol)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,18.27=4,86\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,12.24=2,88\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,55.1=0,55\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=0,55.0,5=0,275\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow n_{H\left(trc.pư\right)}=0,55+0,275.2=1,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,736}{22,4}=0,39\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{H\left(sau.pư\right)}=0,39.2=0,78\left(mol\right)\)

So sánh: \(0,78< 1,1\rightarrow\) Axit dư

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH:

2Al + 6HCl ---> AlCl₃ + 3H₂

2Al + 3H₂SO₄ ---> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

\(\rightarrow n_{H_2\left(Al\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}a=1,5a\left(mol\right)\)

Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl₂ + H₂

Mg + H₂SO₄ ---> MgSO₄ + H₂

\(\rightarrow n_{H_2\left(Mg\right)}=n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\)

Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,74\\1,5a+b=0,39\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,18\left(mol\right)\\b=0,12\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,18.27=4,86\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,12.24=2,88\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

=> n_HCl = 0,5 (mol)

m_muối = m_{kim loại} + m_Cl = 10,2 + 0,5.35,5 = 27,95(g)

nH2​​=22,45,6​=0,25(mol)

=> nHCl = 0,5 (mol)

mmuối = mkim loại + mCl = 10,2 + 0,5.35,5 = 27,95(g)