Từ \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{c+d+a}=\frac{c}{d+a+b}=\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1=\frac{b}{c+d+a}+1=\frac{c}{d+a+b}+1=\frac{d}{a+b+c}+1\)

Hay \(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c+d+a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d+a+b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}\)

Nếu a+b+c+d=0 thì \(a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{c+d}=-1;\frac{c+d}{a+b}=-1\)

\(b+c=-\left(d+a\right)\Rightarrow\frac{b+c}{d+a}=-1;\frac{d+a}{b+c}=-1\Rightarrow H=-1\)

Nếu a+b+c+d \(\ne0\)thì: \(b+c+d=c+d+a=d+a+b=a+b+c\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\Rightarrow H=1\)

Vậy H=-1 nếu a+b+c+d=0; H=1 nếu a+b+c+d khác 0

Ta có :\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{c+d+a}=\frac{c}{d+a+b}=\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)

=> \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1=\frac{b}{c+d+a}+1=\frac{c}{d+a+b}+1=\frac{d}{a+b+c}+1\)

=> \(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}\)

Nếu a + b + c + d = 0

=> a + b = -(c + d)

=> b + c = -(d + a)

=> c + d = -(b + a)

=> d + a = -(b + c)

Khi đó H = \(\frac{-\left(c+d\right)}{c+d}.\frac{-\left(d+a\right)}{d+a}.\frac{-\left(b+a\right)}{c+d}.\frac{-\left(d+a\right)}{b+c}=\left(-1\right).\left(-1\right).\left(-1\right).\left(-1\right)=1\)

Khi a + b + c + d \(\ne\)0

=> \(\frac{1}{b+c+d}=\frac{1}{a+c+d}=\frac{1}{a+b+d}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)

=> b + c + d = a + c + d = a + b + d = a + b + c

=> a = b = c = d

Khi đó H = \(\frac{2b}{2d}.\frac{2c}{2a}.\frac{2d}{2b}.\frac{2a}{2c}=1\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+1=\dfrac{c}{d}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}+\dfrac{d}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{c}{d}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{b}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}-\dfrac{d}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)

Tương tự

  a+b+c+d=0 
=>a+b=-(c+d) 
=> (a+b)^3=-(c+d)^3 
=> a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)=-c^3-d^3-3cd(c+d) 
=> a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=-3ab(a+b)-3cd(c+d) 
=> a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3ab(c+d)-3cd(c+d) ( vi a+b = - (c+d)) 
==> a^3 +b^^3+c^3+d^3==3(c+d)(ab-cd) (dpcm)

\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{a+c+d}=\frac{c}{a+b+d}=\frac{d}{b+c+a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1=\frac{b}{a+c+d}+1=\frac{c}{a+b+d}+1=\frac{d}{a+b+c}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}\)

+) Nếu \(a+b+c+d=0\)

Do đó : 

\(a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\)

\(b+c=-\left(d+a\right)\)

\(c+d=-\left(a+b\right)\)

\(d+a=-\left(b+c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(M=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=-4\)

+) Nếu \(a+b+c+d\ne0\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có : 

\(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}=\frac{4}{3}\)

Do đó : 

\(\frac{4}{3}\left(b+c+d\right)=\frac{4}{3}\left(a+c+d\right)=\frac{4}{3}\left(a+b+d\right)=\frac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(b+c+d=a+c+d=a+b+d=a+b+c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=d\) ( bước này tự hiểu nhé ) 

\(\Rightarrow\)\(M=\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}=1+1+1+1=4\)

Vậy \(M=4\) hoặc \(M=-4\)

Chúc bạn học tốt ~