\(a) Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2\\ b) n_{HCl} = \dfrac{182,5.5\%}{36,5} = 0,25(mol)\\ n_{FeCl_2} = n_{H_2} = n_{Fe} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,125(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe} = 0,125.56 = 7(gam) ; V = 0,125.22,4 = 2,8(lít)\\ c) m_{dd\ sau\ phản\ ứng} = m_{Fe} + m_{dd\ HCl} - m_{H_2} = 7 + 182,5 - 0,125.2 = 189,25(gam)\\ C\%_{FeCl_2} = \dfrac{0,125.127}{189,25}.100\% = 8,39\%\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{28}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

a) Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)

            1          2            1           1

           0,5        1                        0,5

b) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,5.2}{1}=1\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{HCl}=1.36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\)

c) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{1.1}{2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)

 Chúc bạn học tốt

Fe+2HCl->FeCl₂+H₂

0,125--0,25---0,125-0,125

m _HCl=9,125 g=>n _HCl=\(\dfrac{9,125}{26,5}\)=0,25 mol

=>m Fe=0,125.56=7g

=>V_H2=0,125.22,4=2,8l

=>C%_FeCl2=\(\dfrac{0,125.127}{7+182,5-0,25}\).100=8,388%

a) K₂CO₃ + 2HCl --> 2KCl + CO₂ + H₂O

b) \(n_{K_2CO_3}=\dfrac{13,8}{138}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: K₂CO₃ + 2HCl --> 2KCl + CO₂ + H₂O

______0,1----->0,2------>0,2--->0,1

=> V_CO2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)

c) m_HCl = 0,2.36,5 = 7,3 (g)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{7,3.100}{7,3}=100\left(g\right)\)

d) m_KCl = 0,2.74,5 = 14,9 (g)

m_{dd sau pư} = 13,8 + 100 - 0,1.44 = 109,4 (g)

=> \(C\%\left(KCl\right)=\dfrac{14,9}{109,4}.100\%=13,62\%\)

a. Ta có: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{m_{ct_{HCl}}}{100}.100\%=7,3\%\)

=> m_HCl = 7,3(g)

=> \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

Fe₃O₄ + 8HCl ---> FeCl₂ + 2FeCl₃ + 4H₂O

    1   --->   8

    0,1 --->  0,2

=> \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{8}\)

Vậy Fe₃O₄ dư

=> m_dư = 23,2 - 7,3 = 15,9 (g)

b. Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{8}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{8}.0,2=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,025.127=3,175\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{4}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{4}.0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{FeCl_3}=0,05.162,5=8,125\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{muối}=8,125+3,175=11,3\left(g\right)\)

c. Ta có: m_{dung dịch sau PỨ} = \(23,2+100=123,2\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{H_2O}=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\)

m_{các chất sau PỨ} = 1,8 + 11,3 = 13,1(g)

=> \(C_{\%_{sauPỨ}}=\dfrac{13,1}{123,2}.100\%=10,63\%\)

1)

a) Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

           0,15->0,3--->0,15-->0,15

=> V_H2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)

c) m_{dd sau pư} = 8,4 + 250 - 0,15.2 = 258,1 (g)

=> \(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15.127}{258,1}.100\%=7,38\%\)

2)

a) Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

b) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

            0,2-->0,4---->0,2--->0,2

=> V_H2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)

m_ZnCl2 = 0,2.136 = 27,2 (g)

c) \(C_{M\left(dd.HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2M\)

d) 

PTHH: A + 2HCl --> ACl₂ + H₂

           0,2<--0,4

=> \(M_A=\dfrac{4,8}{0,2}=24\left(g/mol\right)\)

=> A là Mg(Magie)

PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{12}\cdot100\%\approx46,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\\\%m_{Cu}=53,33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Cu không phản ứng

\(nH_2=nFe=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)

\(\rightarrow mFe=0,1.56=5,6gam\)

\(\rightarrow\%mFe=\dfrac{5,6}{12}.100\%=46,\left(6\right)\%\)

\(\rightarrow\%mCu=100\%-46,\left(6\right)\%=53,\left(3\right)\%\)

c)

\(CM_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.2}{0,2}=1M\)

a Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2

nH2= 2,24 /22,4=0,1 mol

nFe=nH2=0,1 mol

mFe=0,1.56=5.6 g

mCu=12-5,6=6,4g

%mfe=5,6/12 .100%=46,67

%mCu=100%-46,67%=53,33%

n HCl=0,05 mol

CM ddHCl= 0,2/0,2=1M

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{150.18,25}{100}=27,375\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{27,375}{36,5}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH :

                \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

trc p/u :   0,3       0,75        

p/u:          0,3     0,6           0,3        0,3 

sau p/u :  0         0,15         0,3       0,3 

---> Sau p/ư HCl dư 

\(a,V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

\(b,m_{ddHCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)

\(c,m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddZnCl_2}=19,5+150-\left(0,3.2\right)=168,9\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%=\dfrac{40,8}{168,9}.100\%\approx24,16\%\)

\(n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{AlCl_3} = n_{Al} = 0,4(mol)\\ m_{AlCl_3} = 0,4.133,5 = 53,4(gam)\\ n_{HCl} =3 n_{Al} = 1,2(mol)\\ C\%_{HCl}= \dfrac{1,2.36,5}{200}.100\% = 21,9\%\)