\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(m=27a+56b=6.95\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{NO_2}=\dfrac{10.08}{22.4}=0.45\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn e : 

\(3a+3b=0.45\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.05,b=0.1\)

\(m_{Al}=0.05\cdot27=1.35\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.1\cdot56=5.6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=t\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=r\left(mol\right)\\ \left(t,r>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27t+56r=8,3\\1,5t+r=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=0,1\\r=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddFeCl_2}=127.0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=300.1,15=345\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=8,3+345-0,25.2=352,8\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,25.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{352,8}.100\approx1,035\%\\ C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{13,35}{352,8}.100\approx3,784\%\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{352,8}.100\approx3,6\%\)

a)

Gọi $n_{Al} = a ; n_{Fe} = b$

$\Rightarrow 27a + 56b = 12,55(1)$
$n_{NO_2} = 0,75(mol)$

Bảo toàn electron : 

$3n_{Al} + 3n_{Fe} = n_{NO_2} \Rightarrow 3a + 3b = 0,75(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,05 ; b = 0,2

$m_{Al} = 0,05.27 = 1,35(gam)$
$m_{Fe} = 0,2.56 = 11,2(gam)$

b)

$n_{HNO_3} = 2n_{NO_2} = 0,75.2 = 1,5(mol)$

nNO2=0,12mol

Zn + 4HNO3---------> Zn(NO3)2 + 2NO2+ 2H20

0,06mol 0,24mol 0,12mol

mZn=3,9g, mCuO=1,6g

%mZn=\(\dfrac{3,9}{5,5}\) .100%=70,9%

%mCuO=29,1%

b/nCuO=0,02mol

CuO + 2HNO3---------> Cu(NO3)2 +H20

0,02mol 0,04mol

nHNO3=0,24+0,04=0,28mol

CM=\(\dfrac{0,28}{0,028}\) =10M

Ta đặt: n_NO= x mol; n_NO2= y mol

Ta có : n_Y= x+y= 6,72/22,4= 0,3 mol

m_Y= 30x+ 46y= n_Y.M_Y= 0,3.19.2

Giải hệ có  x= 0,15 và y= 0,15

Đặt n_Fe= a mol ; n_Cu= b mol

QT cho e:

Fe → Fe³⁺+ 3e

a                  3a mol

Cu → Cu²⁺+ 2e

b                  2b mol

QT nhận e:

N⁺⁵+ 3e→ NO

        0,45   0,15

N⁺⁵+ 1e→ NO₂

        0,15   0,15

Theo ĐL bảo toàn e có: n_{e cho}= n_{e nhận} nên 3a+2b= 0,45+ 0,15= 0,60

Mặt khác m_{kim loại}= 56a+ 64b= 15,2

Giải hệ trên có a= 0,1, b= 0,15 →%m_Fe=36,84%

Đáp án C

\(3,68g\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe\\Mg\end{matrix}\right.+HNO3->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe\left(NO3\right)3\\Mg\left(NO3\right)2\end{matrix}\right.+5,376\left(l\right)NO2\)

Bảo toàn e :

\(3x+2y=0,24\)

Ta có :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+24y=3,68\\3x+2y=0,24\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,04\left(mol\right)\\y=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mFe=\dfrac{0,04.56}{3,68}=60,87\%\\\%mMg=\dfrac{0,06.24}{3,68}=39,13\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố Fe và Mg :

\(nFe=nFe\left(NO3\right)3=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(nMg=nMg\left(NO3\right)2=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có : \(nHNO3pu=0,04.3+0,06.2=0,24\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow mHNO3=0,24.63=15,12\left(g\right)\)