Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: MgO + 2HCl ---> MgCl₂ + H₂.

Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,1.95=9,5\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=4+100=104\left(g\right)\)

=> \(C_{\%_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{9,5}{104}.100\%=9,13\%\)

\(CuO + 2HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O\)

\(n_{CuO} = \dfrac{8}{80}= 0,1 mol\)

\(m_{HCl}= 100 . 18,25\)%= 18,25g

\(n_{HCl}= \dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5 mol\)

                    \(CuO + 2HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O\)

Trước pư:     0,1        0,5 

PƯ                0,1        0,2          0,1

Sau pư            0          0,3         0,1

Dung dịch sau pư: CuCl₂ và HCl dư

\(m_{dd sau pư} = m_{CuO} + m_{dd HCl}=8 +100= 108g\)

C%HCl\(=\dfrac{0,3 . 36,5}{108} . 100\)%= 10,139%

C%CuCl₂\(=\dfrac{0,1. 135}{108}.100\)%= 12,5%

a. Ta có: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{m_{ct_{HCl}}}{100}.100\%=7,3\%\)

=> m_HCl = 7,3(g)

=> \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

Fe₃O₄ + 8HCl ---> FeCl₂ + 2FeCl₃ + 4H₂O

    1   --->   8

    0,1 --->  0,2

=> \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{8}\)

Vậy Fe₃O₄ dư

=> m_dư = 23,2 - 7,3 = 15,9 (g)

b. Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{8}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{8}.0,2=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,025.127=3,175\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{4}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{4}.0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{FeCl_3}=0,05.162,5=8,125\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{muối}=8,125+3,175=11,3\left(g\right)\)

c. Ta có: m_{dung dịch sau PỨ} = \(23,2+100=123,2\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{H_2O}=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\)

m_{các chất sau PỨ} = 1,8 + 11,3 = 13,1(g)

=> \(C_{\%_{sauPỨ}}=\dfrac{13,1}{123,2}.100\%=10,63\%\)

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{3,2}{80}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.20\%}{98}=0,204\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)

0,04      0,04           0,04    

\(\dfrac{0,04}{1}< \dfrac{0,204}{1}\) --> H2SO4 dư

\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,04.160}{3,2+100}.100\%=6,2\%\)

\(C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.98}{3,2+100}.100\%=19\%\)

CuO+H2SO4->CuSO4+H2O

0,02----------------0,02 mol

n CuO=1,6\80=0,02 mol

=>m CuSO4=0,02.160=3,2g

=>thiếu dữ kiện 

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1,6}{80}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=100.20\%=20\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{20}{98}=\dfrac{10}{49}\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + H₂SO₄ → CuSO₄ + H₂O

Mol:      0,02      0,02          0,02

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,02}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{10}{49}}{1}\) ⇒ CuO hết, H₂SO₄ dư

m_{dd sau pứ} = 1,6 + 100 = 101,6 (g)

\(C\%_{ddCuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.160.100\%}{101,6}=3,15\%\)

\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{10}{49}-0,02\right).98.100\%}{101,6}=17,76\%\)

\(a) CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O\\ b) n_{CuO} = \dfrac{4,8}{80} = 0,06(mol) ; n_{HCl} = \dfrac{100.3,65\%}{36,5} = 0,1(mol)\\ \dfrac{n_{CuO}}{1}= 0,06 > \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2} = 0,05 \to CuO\ dư\\ n_{CuCl_2} = n_{CuO\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,05(mol)\\ m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 0,05.80 + 100 = 104(gam)\\ C\%_{CuCl_2} = \dfrac{0,05.135}{104}.100\% = 6,49\%\)

ncuo= 1,6/80=0,02

nh2so4=(100*20)/( 98*100)= 0,2> 0,02-> cuo pư hết, h2so4 dư

cuo+ h2so4-> cuso4+h2o

0,02-> 0,02 0,02

mdd sau pư= 1,6+ 100= 101,6

c%h2so4 dư= (0,2-0,02)*98/101,6*100= 17,36%

c%cuso4= 0,02*160/101,6*100= 3,15%