\(a) n_{Mg}= a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 24a + 27b =2,55(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = b = 0,05\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,05.24}{2,55}.100\% = 47,06\%\ ;\ \%m_{Al} =100\% -47,06\% = 52,94\%\\ b) n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,125.2 = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,25.36,5}{7,3\%} = 125(gam)\\ V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{125}{1,2} = 104,17(ml)\)

a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+27b=5,1\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,5\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}=52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=250\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{250}{1,2}\approx208,33\left(ml\right)\)

Tham khảo

2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2

0,2----------------------------------------------0,3

nH2=6,72\22,4=0,3 mol

=>mAl=0,2.27=5,4g

\(n_{HCl}=2.0,4=0,8(mol)\\ n_{Fe}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56x+27y=11(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow 2x+3y=0,8(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\)

\(a,\Sigma n_{H_2}=x+1,5y=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)\\ b,m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6(g);m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ c,m_{dd_{HCl}}=400.1,12=448(g)\\ n_{FeCl_2}=0,1(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{5,6+448-0,1.2}.100\%=2,8\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{5,4+448-0,3.2}.100\%=5,9\%\)

Đặt \(n_{Mg}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 24x+27y=7,8(1)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ a,m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4(g)\\ m_{Al}=7,8-2,4=5,4(g)\\ b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4(l)\)

\(c,PTHH:MgCl_2+2NaOH\to Mg(OH)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\\ AlCl_3+3NaOH\to Al(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg(OH)_2}=x=0,1(mol)\\ n_{Al(OH)_3}=n_{AlCl_3}=y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg(OH)_2}=0,1.58=5,8(g)\\ m_{Al(OH)_3}=0,2.78=15,6(g)\\ m_{kết tủa}=5,8+15,6=21,4(g)\)

Gọi x, y (mol) lần lượt là số mol Mg, Al trong hỗn hợp.

Phương trình phản ứng:

Số mol H2

Theo bài ra ta có hệ phương trình:

mMg = 24.0,1 = 2,4(g)

mAl = 27.0,2 = 5,4(g)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3(mol)\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{10}.100\%=54\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Ag}=100\%-54\%=46\%\\ n_{HCl}=0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6.36,5}{10\%}=219(g)\)