\(A=\left|x+\frac{3}{2}\right|\)

Vì \(\left|x+\frac{3}{2}\right|\ge0\)

Vậy \(GTNN_A=0\)tại \(x=\frac{-3}{2}\)

\(B=\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|+\frac{3}{4}\)

Vì \(\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|\ge0\)nên \(\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)

Vậy \(GTNN_B=\frac{3}{4}\)tại \(x=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(A=\left|x+\frac{3}{2}\right|=x+\frac{3}{2}\)

\(A=\left|x+\frac{3}{2}\right|\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow GTNN\left(A\right)=0\)

\(B=\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow GTNN\left(B\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)

a) \(P=\left|x-2016\right|+\left|x-2017\right|+\left|x-2018\right|\)

*TH1: \(x< 2016\):

\(P=2016-x+2017-x+2018-x=6051-3x>6051-3\cdot2016=3\)

*TH2: \(2016\le x< 2017\):

\(P=x-2016+2017-x+2018-x=2019-x>2019-2017=2\)

*TH3: \(2017\le x< 2018\):

\(P=x-2016+x-2017+2018-x=x-2015\ge2017-2015=2\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 2017)

*TH4: \(x\ge2018\):

\(P=x-2016+x-2017+x-2018=3x-6051\ge3\cdot2018-6051=3\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 2018)

Vậy GTNN của P là 2 khi x = 2017.

b) \(x-2xy+y-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(1-2y\right)+y-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{5}{2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(\frac{1}{2}-y\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}-y\right)=\frac{5}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-y\right)=\frac{5}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(1-2y\right)=5\)

B = |\(x\) + 20| + |y - 21| + 2020

 |\(x\) + 20| ≥ 0 ∀ \(x\); |y - 21| ≥ 0 ∀ y

B = |\(x\) + 20| + |y - 21| + 2020 ≥ 2020

B ≥ 2020 dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+20=0\\y-21=0\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-20\\y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

B_min = 2020 khi (\(x;y\)) = (-20; 21)

A = |\(x\) + 19| + 1980 

|\(x\) + 19| ≥ 0 \(\forall\) \(x\)

|\(x\) + 19| + 1980 ≥ 1980 ∀ \(x\)

A ≥ 1980 dấu bằng xảy khi \(x\) + 19 = 0 hay \(x\) = -19

Kết luận A đạt giá trị nhỏ nhất là 1980 khi \(x\) = -19

C = 3.|\(x-15\)| + (y + 13)² - 2175

|\(x\) - 15| ≥ 0 ∀ \(x\); (y + 13)² ≥ 0 ∀ y

C = 3.|\(x\) - 15| + (y + 13)² - 2175 ≥ - 2175

C ≥ - 2175 dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-15=0\\y+13=0\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=15\\y=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy C_min = -2175 khi  (\(x\); y) = (15; -13)