a. x=5

b . x+y+z=9

\(\frac{x-1}{3}=\frac{2y-1}{4}=\frac{z+2}{5}=\frac{y+t+3}{6}\)\(=\frac{x-1+2y-1+z+2-y-t-3}{3+4+5-6}\)

\(=\frac{x+y+z-t-3}{6}=\frac{1-3}{6}=-\frac{1}{3}\)

=> \(x-1=-1;2y-1=-\frac{4}{3};z+2=-\frac{5}{3};y+t+3=-2\)

=> \(x=0;y=-\frac{1}{6};z=-\frac{11}{3};t=-\frac{29}{6}\)

Ta có x + y + z - t = 1

=> x + y + z = 1 + t

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có : 

\(\frac{x-1}{3}=\frac{2y-1}{4}=\frac{z+2}{5}=\frac{y+t+3}{6}=\frac{x-1+2y-1+z+2-y-t-3}{3+4+5-6}=\frac{-2}{6}=\frac{-1}{3}\)

=> x = 0 ; y = -1/6 ; z = -11/3 ; t = - 5/6 

1, ta co \(\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{x}{20}=\frac{y}{24}\)

\(\frac{y}{8}=\frac{z}{7}=\frac{y}{24}=\frac{z}{21}\)

=>\(\frac{x}{20}=\frac{y}{24}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{x+y-z}{20+24-21}=\frac{69}{23}=3\)

=>\(x=3\cdot20=60\)

    \(y=3\cdot24=72\)

    \(z=3\cdot21=63\)

3. ta co \(\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{7}=\frac{z}{3}=\frac{t}{1}=\frac{x+y-z+t}{15-7+3-1}=\frac{10}{10}=1\)

=> \(x=1\cdot15=15\)

     \(y=1\cdot7=7\)

     \(z=1\cdot3=3\)

     \(t=1\cdot1=1\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau

\(\frac{x}{5}=\frac{y}{7}=\frac{z}{9}=\frac{x-y+z}{5-7+9}=\frac{315}{7}=45\)

  suy ra:   x/5 = 45   =>  x  =  225

               y/7 = 45  =>  y  =  315

               z/9 = 45  =>  z  =  405

Ta có: \(\frac{-2\left(x-3\right)}{5}=\frac{y+4}{-4}=\frac{3\left(z-5\right)}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-3}{\frac{5}{-2}}=\frac{y+4}{-4}=\frac{z-5}{\frac{2}{3}}\)

Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\frac{x-3}{\frac{5}{-2}}=\frac{y+4}{-4}=\frac{z-5}{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{x-3-y-4+z-5}{\frac{5}{-2}-\left(-4\right)+\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{-1-3-4-5}{\frac{13}{6}}=\frac{-13}{\frac{13}{6}}=-1.6=-6\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{-2\left(x-3\right)}{5}=-6\\\frac{y+4}{-4}=-6\\\frac{3\left(z-5\right)}{2}=-6\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}-2\left(x-3\right)=-30\\y+4=24\\3\left(z-5\right)=-12\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-3=15\\y=20\\z-5=-4\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x=18\\y=20\\z=1\end{cases}}\)

Vậy...

a) \(\frac{1}{2}-|\frac{5}{4}-2x|=\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow|\frac{5}{4}-2x|=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{6}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{5}{4}-2x=\frac{1}{6}\\\frac{5}{4}-2x=-\frac{1}{6}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x=\frac{5}{4}-\frac{1}{6}=\frac{13}{12}\\2x=\frac{5}{4}+\frac{1}{6}=\frac{17}{12}\end{cases}}}\)

Tự làm nốt và kết luận 

b) \(\frac{x+1}{10}+\frac{x+1}{11}+\frac{x+1}{12}=\frac{x+1}{13}+\frac{x+1}{14}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+1}{10}+\frac{x+1}{11}+\frac{x+1}{12}-\frac{x+1}{13}-\frac{x+1}{14}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{12}-\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}\right)=0\)

Vì \(\left(\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{12}-\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}\right)\ne0\forall x\Rightarrow x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Vậy ....

c) \(\frac{x}{y}=\frac{10}{9}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{9};\frac{y}{z}=\frac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{4}\Leftrightarrow\frac{y}{9}=\frac{x}{12}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{9}=\frac{z}{12}\). Mà \(x-y+z=78\). Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau 

\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{9}=\frac{z}{12}=\frac{x-y+z}{10-9+12}=\frac{78}{13}=6\)

\(\Rightarrow x=6.10=60;y=6.9=54;z=6.12=72\)

Vậy..........