a) \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}:x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=11\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> x=0,2 ; y=0,1

 \(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100==49,09\%\)

\(\%m_{Fe}=50,91\%\)

b) \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=3x+2y=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(lít\right)\)

c) \(CM_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5M\)

\(CM_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25M\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{8}=0,1\left(l\right)\\ b,FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\\ AlCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\downarrow\\ n_{AgCl}=n_{AgNO_3}=3.n_{AlCl_3}+2.n_{FeCl_2}=3.a+2.b=3.0,2+2.0,1=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=\dfrac{170.0,8}{250}.100=54,4\%\\ b=m_{\downarrow}=m_{AgCl}=0,8.143,5=114,8\left(g\right)\)

a) 2Al + 6HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

      Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl₂ + H₂

b) Gọi nAl = x, nFe = y

=> 27x + 56y = 11 (1)

Theo pt: \(\Sigma\)nH₂ = 1,5x + y = \(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4mol\)(2)

Từ 1 + 2 => x = 0,2 , y = 0,1

=> mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 => %mAl = \(\dfrac{5,4}{11}.100\%\approx49,09\%\)

%mFe = 100 - 49,09 = 50,91%

c) Theo pt: nHCl = 2nH₂ = 0,8 mol

=> mHCl = 0,8 . 36,5 = 29,2g

=> \(m_{dd}\)HCl = 29,2 : 10% = 292g

d) mdd sau phản ứng = m A + mHCl = 11 + 292 = 303g

Theo pt: nAlCl₃ = nAl = 0,2 mol => m AlCl₃ = 26,7g

=> C%AlCl₃ = \(\dfrac{26,7}{303}.100\%\) = 8,81%

tương tự nFeCl₂ = 0,1 mol => C%FeCl₂ = 4,19%

Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Fe, Al trong hh (x,y >0)

PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2

x________x__________x_____x(mol)

2Al + 3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2

y____1,5y_________0,5y___1,5y(mol)

b) Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27x=11\\x+1,5y=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1=nFe\\y=0,2=nAl\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g) ; mAl=0,2.27=5,4(g)

c) nH2SO4(tổng)=nH2=0,4(mol)

=> mH2SO4(tổng)=0,4.98=39,2(g)

=>mddH2SO4=(39,2.100)/24,5=160(g)

$a\bigg)$

Đặt $n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)$

$\to 27x+56y=22(1)$

BTe: $1,5x+y=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8(2)$

Từ $(1)(2)\to x=0,4(mol);y=0,2(mol)$

$\to \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{22}.100\%\approx 49,09\%$

$\to \%m_{Fe}=100-49,09=50,91\%$

$b\bigg)$

Bảo toàn H: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,6(mol)$

$\to m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,6.36,5}{25\%}=233,6(g)$

$\to m_{dd\, sau}=22+233,6-0,8.2=254(g)$

Bảo toàn Al,Fe: $n_{AlCl_3}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=0,2(mol)$

$\to \begin{cases} C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.133,5}{254}.100\%\approx 21,02\%\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{254}.100\%=10\% \end{cases}$

\(Đặt:n_{Al}=u\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=v\left(mol\right)\left(u,v>0\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56u=22\\1,5a+u=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,4\\u=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=56.0,2=11,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2.0,8=1,6\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=1,6.36,5=58,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{58,4.100}{25}=233,6\left(g\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

x           3x             x             1,5x

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

y         2y              y          y

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=22\\1,5x+y=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,4\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Al}=0,4\cdot27=10,8g\)

\(m_{Fe}=22-10,8=11,2g\)

\(m_{HCl}=36,5\cdot\left(3x+2y\right)=36,5\cdot\left(3\cdot0,4+2\cdot0,2\right)=58,4g\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{C\%}\cdot100\%=\dfrac{58,4}{25\%}\cdot100\%=233,6g\)

Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Fe}\left(mol\right)\\y=n_{Al}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\sum m_{hh}=11\left(g\right)\Rightarrow56x+27y=11\left(1\right)\)

\(PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....x\rightarrow..2x........x......x\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....y\rightarrow..3y.........y......1,5y\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4\left(2\right)\)

\(\xrightarrow[\left(2\right)]{\left(1\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,1}{11}=51\%\)

\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49\%\)

b) \(\sum m_{ctHCl}=\left(2.0,1+3.0,2\right).36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100\%}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)

c) \(m_{H_2\uparrow}=\left(1.0,1+1,5.0,2\right).2=0,8\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddsaupu}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2\uparrow}=11+292-0,8=302,2\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{302,2}.100=4,2\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{302,2}.100=8,8\%\)

Đặt: {x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol){x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol)

∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)

%mFe=56.0,111=51%%mFe=56.0,111=51%

→%mAl=49%→%mAl=49%

b) ∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)

         1         2              1           1

         a       0,4           0,2           1a

         \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)

           1          2            1          1

          b         0,3         0,15        1b

a) Gọi a là số mol của Mg

           b là số mol của Fe

\(m_{Mg}+m_{Fe}=13,2\left(g\right)\)

⇒ \(n_{Mg}.M_{Mg}+n_{Fe}.M_{Fe}=13,2g\)

 ⇒ 24a + 56b = 13,2g (1)

Theo phương trình : 1a + 1b = 0,35(2)

Từ(1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình : 

            24a + 56b = 13,2g

              1a + 1b = 0,35

               ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)

⁰/₀Mg = \(\dfrac{4,8.100}{13,2}=36,36\)⁰/₀

⁰/₀Fe = \(\dfrac{8,4.100}{13,2}=63,64\)⁰/₀

b) \(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,4+0,3=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

200ml = 0,2l

\(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,7}{0,2}=3,5\left(M\right)\)

c) \(m_{muối.clorua}=\left(0,2.95\right)+\left(0,15.127\right)=38,05\left(g\right)\)

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C là tính tổng khối lượng nha