1.

\(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{\left(a+2b\right)^2+\left(b+2c\right)^2+\left(c+2a\right)^2}{\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(b-2c\right)^2+\left(c-2a\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2+4b^2+4ab+b^2+4c^2+4bc+c^2+4a^2+4ca}{a^2+4b^2-4ab+b^2+4c^2-4bc+c^2+4a^2-4ca}\)

\(=\dfrac{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-6}{-14}=\dfrac{3}{7}\)

b.

\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right)-3abc\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab+2bc+3ca}{3a^2+4b^2+5c^2}=\dfrac{a^2+2a^2+3a^2}{3a^2+4a^2+5a^2}=\dfrac{6}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

+) x + b + c ≠ 0

Ta có :

\(\frac{a-b+c}{2b}=\frac{c-a+b}{2a}=\frac{a-c+b}{2c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a-b+c}{2b}+1=\frac{c-a+b}{2a}+1=\frac{a-c+b}{2c}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{2b}=\frac{a+b+c}{2a}=\frac{a+b+c}{2c}\)=> 2a = 2b = 2c ( do a + b + c ≠ 0 )

 \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\Rightarrow P=\left(1+\frac{c}{c}\right).\left(1+\frac{b}{b}\right).\left(1+\frac{a}{a}\right)=2.2.2=8\)

+) a + b + c = 0

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :

\(\frac{a-b+c}{2b}=\frac{c-a+b}{2a}=\frac{a-c+b}{2c}=\frac{a-b+c+c-a+b+a-c+b}{2b+2a+2c}=\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{0}{0}\left(\text{vô lý}\right)\)

Vậy P chỉ nhận 1 giá trị là P = 8

BĐT cần  chứng minh tương đương với :

\(\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\left(2+\frac{1}{a^2b^2c^2}\right)\ge9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)+\frac{1}{ab^2}+\frac{1}{bc^2}+\frac{1}{ca^2}\ge9\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 3 số dương ,ta có :

\(a^2b+a^2b+\frac{1}{ab^2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b.a^2b.\frac{1}{ab^2}}=3a\)

tương tự :  \(b^2c+bc^2+\frac{1}{bc^2}\ge3b\), \(\left(c^2a+ca^2+\frac{1}{ca^2}\right)\ge3c\)

Cộng 3 BĐT trên theo vế, ta được :

\(2\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)+\frac{1}{ab^2}+\frac{1}{bc^2}+\frac{1}{ca^2}\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)=9\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1