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Đáp án D

a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cl_2}+n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\\\overline{M}=\dfrac{71.n_{Cl_2}+32.n_{O_2}}{n_{Cl_2}+n_{O_2}}=2.29=58\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}.100\%=66,67\%\\\%V_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,3}.100\%=33,33\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cl_2}=0,2.71=14,2\left(g\right)\\m_{O_2}=0,1.32=3,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_A=1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{N_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{H_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=1\left(1\right)\)

\(m_A=28a+2b=7.2\left(g\right)\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right):a=0.2,b=0.8\)

\(\%N_2=20\%,\%H_2=80\%\)

\(n_{N_2\left(pư\right)}=a\left(mol\right)\)

\(N_2+3H_2⇌2NH_3\)

\(0.2......0.8\)

\(a.......3a.........2a\)

\(0.2-a.0.8-3a....2a\)

\(M_B=\dfrac{\left(0.2-a\right)\cdot28+\left(0.8-3a\right)\cdot2+2a\cdot17}{0.2-a+0.8-3a+2a}=9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=0.1\)

\(\%N_2=12.5\%\)

\(\%H_2=62.5\%\)

\(\%NH_3=25\%\)

\(H\%=\dfrac{0.1}{0.2}\cdot100\%=50\%\)

Coi $n_A = 1(mol)$
Gọi $n_{N_2} = a ; n_{H_2} = b$

$M_A = 3,6.2 = 7,2$

Ta có: 

$a + b = 1$
$28a + 2b = 7,2(a + b)$
Suy ra a = 0,2;  b = 0,8

Vậy $\%V_{N_2} = \dfrac{0,2}{1}.100\% = 20% ; \%V_{H_2} = 80\%$

Gọi hiệu suất là a

$N_2 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o,xt} 2NH_3$

Ta thấy : $n_{N_2} : 1 < n_{H_2} : 3$ nên hiệu suất tính theo $N_2$

$n_{N_2\ pư} = 0,2a(mol)$

Theo PTHH : 

$n_{H_2\ pư} = 0,6a(mol) ; n_{NH_3} = 0,4a(mol)$

$m_B = m_A = 7,2(gam)$

$\Rightarrow n_B = \dfrac{7,2}{4,5.2} = 0,8$

Khí B gồm : 

$N_2 : 0,2 - 0,2a(mol)$
$H_2 : 0,8 - 0,6a(mol)$
$NH_3 : 0,4a(mol)$

Suy ra : 0,2 - 0,2a + 0,8 - 0,6a + 0,4a = 0,8 

Suy ra a = 0,5 = 50%

Vậy B gồm : 

$N_2 : 0,1(mol)$
$H_2 : 0,5(mol)$
$NH_3 : 0,2(mol)$
$\%V_{N_2} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,8}.100\% = 12,5\%$
$\%V_{H_2} = \dfrac{0,5}{0,8}.100\% = 62,5\%$

$\%V_{NH_3} = 25\%$

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