a) a là số tự nhiên

b)a là số âm

c) KTM

d)KTM

e) a=0

ktm là gì hả bạn

bổ sung thêm các điều kiện để khẳng định sau là đúng

lal=lbl =>a=b

a>b =>lal>lbl

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:

\(a^2+3\ge2\sqrt{3a^2}=2\sqrt{3}a\)

Tương tự: \(b^2+3\ge2\sqrt{3}b\) ; \(c^2+3\ge2\sqrt{3}c\)

Cộng vế: \(a^2+b^2+c^2+9\ge2\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+9}{2\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{9+9}{2\sqrt{3}}=3\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(a+b+c\right)\ge-3\sqrt{3}\)

Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:

\(\dfrac{a^4}{b+2}+\dfrac{9}{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\left(b+2\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9a^4\left(b+2\right)}{\left(b+2\right)\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}}=\dfrac{6a^2}{2+\sqrt{3}}\) 

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{b^4}{c+2}+\dfrac{9}{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\left(c+2\right)\ge\dfrac{6b^2}{2+\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\dfrac{c^4}{a+2}+\dfrac{9}{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)}\left(a+2\right)\ge\dfrac{6c^2}{2+\sqrt{3}}\)

Cộng vế:

\(P+\dfrac{9}{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\left(a+b+c+6\right)\ge\dfrac{6}{2+\sqrt{3}}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\dfrac{54}{2+\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{54}{2+\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{9}{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\left(a+b+c+6\right)\ge\dfrac{54}{2+\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{9}{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}.\left(3\sqrt{3}+6\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{27}{2+\sqrt{3}}=27\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Svácxơ, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\dfrac{81}{12}=\dfrac{27}{4}\)

Dấu "=" ⇔ a=b=c=3

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(b+1\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9a^2\left(b+1\right)}{16\left(b+1\right)}}=\dfrac{3a}{2}\) 

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(c+1\right)\ge\dfrac{3b}{2}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(a+1\right)\ge\dfrac{3c}{2}\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(a+b+c+3\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{27}{4}\ge\dfrac{27}{2}\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{27}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)

Lời giải:
a. Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:

$\frac{1}{a}+\frac{a}{4}\geq 1$

$\frac{1}{b}+\frac{b}{4}\geq 1$

$\frac{1}{c}+\frac{c}{4}\geq 1$

Cộng theo vế:
$\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{a+b+c}{4}\geq 3$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{6}{4}\geq 3$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\geq \frac{3}{2}$ (đpcm) 

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=2$
b.

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:

$\frac{a^2}{c}+c\geq 2a$

$\frac{b^2}{a}+a\geq 2b$

$\frac{c^2}{b}+b\geq 2c$

$\Rightarrow \frac{a^2}{c}+\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}+(c+a+b)\geq 2(a+b+c)$

$\Rightarrow \frac{a^2}{c}+\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}\geq a+b+c=6$ (đpcm) 

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=2$

Ta có \(3a+1\ge\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{10}-1}{3}a+1\right)^2\Leftrightarrow a\left(3-a\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Do đó \(\sqrt{3a+1}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{10}-1}{3}a+1\).

Tương tự, \(\sqrt{3b+1}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{10}-1}{3}b+1;\sqrt{3c+1}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{10}-1}{3}c+1\).

Do đó \(\sqrt{3a+1}+\sqrt{3b+1}+\sqrt{3c+1}\ge\sqrt{10}+2\).

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi chẳng hạn a = 3; b = c = 0

Tham khảo:

https://hoc24.vn/hoi-dap/tim-kiem?id=219071991005&q=Cho%203%20s%E1%BB%91%20th%E1%BB%B1c%20kh%C3%B4ng%20%C3%A2m%20a%2Cb%2Cc%20v%C3%A0%20a%20b%20c%3D3%20T%C3%ACm%20GTLN%20v%C3%A0%20GTNN%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20bi%E1%BB%83u%20th%E1%BB%A9c%20K%3D%5C%28%5Csqrt%7B3a%201%7D%20%5Csqrt%7B3b%201%7D%20%5Csqrt%7B3c%201%7D%5C%29

\(\left(4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\ge\left(2a+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{b+c}}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17}}\left(2a+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{b+c}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}\right)\)

Tương tự:

\(\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{1}{a+c}}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4b+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+c}}\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{1}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4c+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}\right)\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+4b+4c+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c+a}}\right)\)

\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+4b+4c+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}}\right)\)

Cũng theo Bunhiacopxki:

\(1.\sqrt{a+b}+1.\sqrt{b+c}+1\sqrt{c+a}\le\sqrt{\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)}=\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+4b+4c+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}}\right)\)

\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(\dfrac{31}{8}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{a+b+c}{8}+\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}}\right)\) 

\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(\dfrac{31}{8}.6+3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{81\left(a+b+c\right)}{32.6\left(a+b+c\right)}}\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)