`Answer:`

 \(S=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}\)

a) Ta thấy:

\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}>\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{8}>\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{1}{16}>8.\frac{1}{16}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\frac{1}{17}+\frac{1}{18}+...+\frac{1}{32}>16.\frac{1}{32}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow S>\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{5}{2}\)

b) Ta thấy:

\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}< 3.\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{11}< 6.\frac{1}{6}\)

\(\frac{1}{12}+...+\frac{1}{23}< 12.\frac{1}{12}\)

\(\frac{1}{24}+...+\frac{1}{32}< 9.\frac{1}{24}\)

\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{1}{2}+1+1+1+\frac{9}{24}=\frac{31}{8}< \frac{9}{2}\)

\(S=1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{1012^2}\)

\(S=1+\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{1}{1024144}\right)\)

\(S=1+\left(\frac{1}{2\cdot2}+\frac{1}{3\cdot3}+...+\frac{1}{2012\cdot2012}\right)\)

\(S=1+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2012}\right)\)

\(S=1+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2012}\right)\)

\(S=1+\frac{1005}{2012}\)

\(S=\frac{3017}{2012}\)

Cách này cũng đúng nhưng có cách khác nhanh hơn

S = ( 5 + 5^2 + 5^3 + 5^4 ) + .....

Gộp 4 số liên tiếp lại rồi C/M

Chúc học tốt

6/7/8/9

Thanks bạn Đinh Tuấn Việt nhiều nah!!!!