1. __________ the tornado hit, there was very little left standing.
A. Despite B. Although C. Before D. After

3. ______ housing isn’t enough – we also need job opportunities.
A. Exciting B. Affordable C. Immediate D. Technical

III. Read the following passage. Decide if the statements from 13 to 16 are True or
False, and choose the correct answers (A, B, C or D) for questions 17 and 18. (1.5 pts)
Plastics is the term commonly used to describe a wide range of synthetic or semi-
synthetic materials that are used in a huge and growing range of applications. Everywhere
you look, you will find plastics. We use plastic products to help make our lives cleaner,
easier, safer and more enjoyable. We find plastics in the clothes we wear, the houses we live
in, and the cars we travel in. The toys we play with, the televisions we watch, the computers
we use and the DVDs we watch all contain plastics.
Plastics are organic materials, just like wood, paper or wool. The raw materials used to
produce plastics are natural products such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and, of course,
crude oil. Plastics have become the modern material of choice because they make it possible
to balance today’s needs with environmental concerns.
The term “plastic” is derived from the Greek word “plastikos”, meaning fit for moulding.
This refers to the material’s malleability, or plasticity during manufacture, which allows it to be
cast, pressed, or extruded into a variety of shapes - such as films, fibres, plates, tubes,
bottles, boxes, and much more.

(Adapted from https://www.plasticseurope.org)

13. Plastics is the term describing a wide range of synthetic materials only.
14. We find plastics everywhere except the clothes we wear.
15. Cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and crude oil can be used to produce plastics.
16. The word “plastic” in English has its origin in Greek.
17. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Synthetic or semi-synthetic materials
B. Plastic products in everyday life
C. General understanding of plastics
D. Raw materials used to produce plastics
18. What allows plastic to be cast, pressed, or extruded into a variety of shapes?
A. Its high boiling point B. Its toughness
C. Its cellulose origin D. Its malleability

Mấy câu này giải thích cựn cẽ giups mình nha không hiểu lắm.Làm ơn.

Polyester is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.

All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.

Since 1982 it has opened three new factories’ producing “Melinar” , the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.

The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies : like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in grant two-litre containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.

Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.

Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be re-used. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming.The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI’s commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.

The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.

1.Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles

A. since 1982.

B. since the 1970s but only for large bottles.

C. since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them.

D. since companies like Coca Cola first tried them.

2. Why is ICI’s Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?

A. The other things they make are not selling well.

B. Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles.

C. They have factories which could be adapted to make it.

D. The price of oil keeps changing.

3. Why aren’t all bottles now made of polyester?

A. The price of oil and plastic has risen.

B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.

C. The public like traditional glass bottles.

D. Shop keepers dislike re-usable bottles.

4. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they

A. are cheaper.

B. are more suited to small sizes.

C. are more exciting to look at.

D. do not break easily.

5. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans

A. have been used for many years.

B. are an idea that interests the plastics companies.

C. are possible, but only for hot food.

D. are the first things being made in the new factories.

Recycling means taking used materials and (21) _______ and then turning it into new, useful products. Recycling waste into new products (22) _______ the amount of materials that would have been needed if the products had to be made all over again.                There are three important steps for recycling to be successful: - First, the items to be recycled must be collected. Many communities require residents to recycle and collect the materials using large bins or cans. The recyclables are picked up (23) _______, just like the other trash and waste products. - Second, the recyclables must be sorted (24) _______ the different materials. The most common materials include paper, plastic, glass and aluminum, which must be separated from each other. - Third, the recycled items must be processed at a recycling plant. (25) ______ there are different materials that need to be recycled, each has its own method of turning the old into the renewed.               In summary, three steps for recycling include collecting, sorting and processing. Each material also has more steps that must occur in order that it can be reused as a (26) _______ product. 1.      A. fertilizer                                                                 B. waste                                  C. dung                                                            D. compost 2.      A. reuses                                 B. represents                         C. remakes                             D. reduces 3.      A. regularly                            B. immediately                                              C. unconsciously                   D. finally 4.      A. to                                         B. into                                     C. up                                        D. along 5.      A. When                                  B. Although                            C. Since                                   D. However 6.      A. useful                                  B. healthful                            C. instructive                         D. attractive

Read the passage and answer the questions

Paper makes up about 28 percent of solid trash in landfills and one ton of paper takes (1) ___________ about 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space. Recycling paper and cardboard saves space in landfills for trash (2) ___________ cannot be recycled and saving space in landfills reduces the need to build more landfills. Many communities oppose the building of new landfills in their neighborhoods.

   Recycling one ton of paper saves (3) ___________ equivalent to the energy needed to power the average U.S. home for six months and saves about 7,000 gallons of water. Making recycled paper into new paper products saves energy and water (4) ___________ the number of energy-intensive steps and processes that use water are reduced.

Question 2:

A. that

B. who

C. where

D. why

Read the passage and answer the questions

Paper makes up about 28 percent of solid trash in landfills and one ton of paper takes (1) ___________ about 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space. Recycling paper and cardboard saves space in landfills for trash (2) ___________ cannot be recycled and saving space in landfills reduces the need to build more landfills. Many communities oppose the building of new landfills in their neighborhoods.

   Recycling one ton of paper saves (3) ___________ equivalent to the energy needed to power the average U.S. home for six months and saves about 7,000 gallons of water. Making recycled paper into new paper products saves energy and water (4) ___________ the number of energy-intensive steps and processes that use water are reduced.

Question 1:

A. in

B. for

C. up

D. of

Read the passage and answer the questions

Paper makes up about 28 percent of solid trash in landfills and one ton of paper takes (1) ___________ about 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space. Recycling paper and cardboard saves space in landfills for trash (2) ___________ cannot be recycled and saving space in landfills reduces the need to build more landfills. Many communities oppose the building of new landfills in their neighborhoods.

   Recycling one ton of paper saves (3) ___________ equivalent to the energy needed to power the average U.S. home for six months and saves about 7,000 gallons of water. Making recycled paper into new paper products saves energy and water (4) ___________ the number of energy-intensive steps and processes that use water are reduced.

Question 3:

A. money

B. thing

C. energy

D. people

Read the passage and answer the questions

Paper makes up about 28 percent of solid trash in landfills and one ton of paper takes (1) ___________ about 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space. Recycling paper and cardboard saves space in landfills for trash (2) ___________ cannot be recycled and saving space in landfills reduces the need to build more landfills. Many communities oppose the building of new landfills in their neighborhoods.

   Recycling one ton of paper saves (3) ___________ equivalent to the energy needed to power the average U.S. home for six months and saves about 7,000 gallons of water. Making recycled paper into new paper products saves energy and water (4) ___________ the number of energy-intensive steps and processes that use water are reduced.

Question 4:

A. although

B. so

C. but

D. because

Read the following pharagraph and compelete it with one suitable word.

Thing of all things you throw away: juice bottles, soft drink cans, candy wrappers. It adds up. (1)______ much trash do you produce?

American throws away an average of one ton of trash per person (2)______ year. Most of this trash gets buried (3)_____

big holes in the ground clled landfills. A lot of this gabage can be recycled, or turn back (4) ______ something useful.

Just about any material can be recycled. The mains things we recycle today are (5)_______ from metal, paper, glass, or plastic.

People recycle for many reasons. One of the (6)________ reasons is to coverve recources. Making new alumium cans out of old one means less aluminium is needed (7) ______ new cansThis lesds to a second reason people recycle: It saves energy. Recycling old aluminium cans takes a lot (8)______ energy than making new aluminium. To make new aluminium you (9)_______ to mine metal one from the ground, remove the impurities, and refine in into a finished metal. Recycling also conserves valuable land. (10)______ recycling, we produce less garbage. That means fewer landfill are needed of dumping our trash.