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BĐt phụ : \(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)

c/m :\(3a^2-3ab+3b^2\ge a^2+ab+b^2\)

↔\(2a^2-4ab+2b^2\ge0\)

↔\(2\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)

Giải ;

ta có:\(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}=\left(a-b\right)+\left(b-c\right)+\left(c-a\right)=0\)

→\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)(1)

mà \(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\)

↔\(\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\)

tương tự ta có:\(\frac{b^3+c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(b+c\right)\);\(\frac{c^3+a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+c\right)\)

cộng vế vs vế ta có:

\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

từ (1)→\(2\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

↔ \(S\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)(đặt S luôn cho tiện)

dấu = xảy ra khi BĐt ở đầu đúng :\(\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\)mà a+b+c=3↔a=b=c=1

\(\dfrac{4}{3}\le a+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt[3]{abc}=a+\sqrt[]{\dfrac{a}{2}.2b}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a}{4}.b.4c}\)

\(\le a+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{2}+2b\right)+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{a}{4}+b+4c\right)=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow Q\ge1\)

\(Q_{min}=1\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{16}{21};\dfrac{4}{21};\dfrac{1}{21}\right)\)

Ta có:

\(3x=4y\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{4}=\frac{y}{3}\)  và \(y-x=5\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dạy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\frac{x}{4}=\frac{y}{5}=\frac{y-x}{5-4}=\frac{5}{1}=5\)

\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{4}=5\Rightarrow x=5.4=20\\\frac{y}{5}=5\Rightarrow y=5.5=25\end{cases}}\)

Vậy \(x=20;y=25\)

b)

\(\frac{a}{3}=\frac{b}{4}=\frac{c}{5}\) và \(a-2b+3c=35\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\frac{a}{3}=\frac{b}{4}=\frac{c}{5}=\frac{a-2b+3c}{3-2.4+3.5}=\frac{35}{10}=3,5\)

\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{3}=3,5\Rightarrow a=3,5.3=10,5\\\frac{b}{4}=3,5\Rightarrow b=3,5.4=14\\\frac{c}{5}=3,5\Rightarrow c=3,5.5=17,5\end{cases}}\)

Vậy   \(a=10,5;b=14;c=17,5\)

Bài 1: \(3x=4y\Leftrightarrow y=\frac{3x}{4}\)

thay vào \(y-x=5\Leftrightarrow\frac{3x}{4}-x=5\Leftrightarrow\frac{-x}{4}=5\Leftrightarrow x=-20\Leftrightarrow y=\frac{3x}{4}=\frac{3.\left(-20\right)}{4}\)=-15

Bài 2: Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau: \(\frac{a}{3}=\frac{b}{4}=\frac{c}{5}=\frac{2b}{8}=\frac{3c}{15}=\frac{a-2b+3c}{3-8+15}=\frac{35}{10}=\frac{7}{2}\)

=>\(a=\frac{7}{2}.3=\frac{21}{2};b=\frac{7}{2}.4=14;c=\frac{7}{2}.5=\frac{35}{2}\)