1)

Gọi số mol KMnO₄, KClO₃ là a, b (mol)

=> 158a + 122,5b = 308,2 (1)

PTHH: 2KMnO₄ --t^o--> K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂ + O₂

                 a-------------------------------->0,5a

            2KClO₃ --t^o--> 2KCl + 3O₂

                  b------------------>1,5b

=> m_O2 = (0,5a + 1,5b).32 = 16a + 48b (g)

m_D = 308,2 - 16a - 48b(g)

\(m_{Mn}=\dfrac{\left(308,2-16a-48b\right).10,69}{100}=32,94658-1,7104a-5,1312b\left(g\right)\)

=> \(n_{Mn}=\dfrac{32,94658-1,7104a-5,1312b}{55}=0,6-\dfrac{1069}{34375}a-\dfrac{3207}{34375}\left(mol\right)\)

Mà \(n_{Mn}=n_{KMnO_4}=a\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\dfrac{35444}{34375}a+\dfrac{3207}{34375}b=0,6\) (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,4 (mol); b = 2 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{0,4.158}{308,2}.100\%=20,506\%\\\%m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2.122,5}{308,2}.100\%=79,494\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

2)

Giả sử nung 100 (g) đá vôi

=> \(m_{CaCO_3\left(bđ\right)}=\dfrac{80.100}{100}=80\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{rắn.sau.pư}=\dfrac{100.73,6}{100}=73,6\left(g\right)\)

=> m_CO2 = 100 - 73,6 = 26,4 (g)

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{26,4}{44}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CaCO₃ --t^o--> CaO + CO₂

                0,6<----------------0,6

=> m_CaCO3(pư) = 0,6.100 = 60 (g)

\(H\%=\dfrac{60}{80}.100\%=75\%\)

a) 

\(2KMnO_4\xrightarrow[]{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\) (1)

\(2KClO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\) (2)

\(n_{KCl}=\dfrac{0,894}{74,5}=0,012\left(mol\right);m_B=\dfrac{0,894}{8,132\%}=11\left(g\right)\)

Gọi \(n_{O_2\left(sinh.ra\right)}=a\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{kk}=3a\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{N_2}=3a.80\%=2,4a\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2}=a+\left(3a-2,4a\right)=1,6a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_C=\dfrac{0,528}{12}=0,044\left(mol\right)\)

\(C+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CO_2\) (3)

Vì hỗn hợp D gồm 3 khí và O₂ chiếm 17,083%

\(\Rightarrow D:CO_2,O_{2\left(d\text{ư}\right)},N_2\)

BTNT C: \(n_{CO_2}=n_C=0,044\left(mol\right)\)

BTNT O: \(n_{O_2\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=n_{O_2\left(b\text{đ}\right)}-n_{CO_2}=1,6a-0,044\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%V_{O_2}=\%n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6a-0,044}{1,6a-0,044+0,044+2,4a}.100\%=17,083\%\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=0,048\left(mol\right)\left(TM\right)\)

ĐLBTKL: \(m_A=m_B+m_{O_2}=11+0,048.32=12,536\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT (2): \(n_{KClO_3}=n_{KCl}=0,012\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{0,012.122,5}{12,536}.100\%=11,63\%\\\%m_{KMnO_4}=100\%-11,63\%=88,37\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Theo PT (2): \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{KClO_3}\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=2.\left(0,048-\dfrac{3}{2}.0,012\right)=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{KMnO_4\left(b\text{đ}\right)}=\dfrac{12,536-0,012.122,5}{158}=0,07\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,07-0,06=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{KCl}=\dfrac{74,5}{74,5}+0,012=1,012\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT (1): \(n_{K_2MnO_4}=n_{MnO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{KMnO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 

\(2KMnO_4+10KCl+8H_2SO_4\rightarrow6K_2SO_4+2MnSO_4+5Cl_2+8H_2O\) (4)

\(K_2MnO_4+4KCl+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow3K_2SO_4+MnSO_4+2Cl_2+4H_2O\) (5)

\(MnO_2+2KCl+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow MnSO_4+K_2SO_4+Cl_2+2H_2O\) (6)

\(2KCl+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{t^o}K_2SO_4+2HCl\) (7)

Theo PT (4), (5), (6): \(n_{KCl\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=5n_{KMnO_4\left(d\text{ư}\right)}+4n_{K_2MnO_4}+2n_{MnO_2}=0,23\left(mol\right)< 1,012\left(mol\right)=n_{KCl\left(b\text{đ}\right)}\)

`=> KCl` dư

Theo PT (4), (5), (6): \(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{KCl\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=0,115\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{kh\text{í}}=V_{Cl_2}=0,115.22,4=2,576\left(l\right)\)

Viết tách ra em nhé !

Câu 8:

a. Ag không phản ứng nên ta có PTHH: \(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow^{t^o}2MgO\)

\(\rightarrow m_{O_2}=m_{hh}-m_{\mu\text{ối}}=18,8-15,6=3,2g\)

\(\rightarrow n_{O_2}=\frac{3,2}{32}=0,1mol\)

b. \(\rightarrow V_{O_2}=n.22,4=22,4.0,1=2,24l\)

\(\rightarrow V_{kk}=4,48.5=11,2l\)

c. Có \(n_{Mg}=2n_{O_2}=0,2l\)

\(\rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8g\)

\(\rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\frac{4,8.100}{15,6}\approx30,77\%\)

\(\rightarrow\%m_{Ag}=100\%-30,77\%=69,23\%\)

Y gồm CO ( a mol )  và CO₂ (b mol )

Có a + b = n_Y = 0,04 (1)

M_Y = 16.2 = 32 ⇒ 32(a + b) = 28a + 44b (2)

Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ a = 0,03 ; b= 0,01

Bảo toàn nguyên tố O⇒ nO₂ = ( a + 2b )/2 = 0,025

2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂

   x                             3x/2

2KMnO₄  → K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂ + O₂

          y                                                     y/2

Có hệ : 

⇒ %mKMnO₄ = 158×0,02 : 4,385 = 72,06%

Đáp án B

Gọi số mol MgCO₃, CaCO₃ là a, b (mol)

=> 84a + 100b = 1,84 (1)

PTHH: MgCO₃ --t^o--> MgO + CO₂

                 a-------------------->a

            CaCO₃ --t^o--> CaO + CO₂

                b-------------------->b

=> a + b = \(\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\) (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,01 (mol); b = 0,01 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{0,01.84}{1,84}.100\%=45,65\%\\\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{0,01.100}{1,84}.100\%=54,35\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{1,728}{27}=0,064\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

____0,064->0,048

=> m_O2 = 0,048.32 = 1,536 (g)

\(m_B=\dfrac{0,894.100}{8,127}=11\left(g\right)\)

Theo ĐLBTKL: m_A = m_B + m_O2

=> m_A = 11 + 1,536 = 12,536 (g)