Biểu thức có giá trị bằng 2 thì:

`a)D` xác định `<=>a-1 ne 0<=>a ne 1`

`b)` Với `a ne 1` có:

`D=([a-1]/[a^2+a+1]-[1-3a+a^2]/[(a-1)(a^2+a+1)]-1/[a-1]).[1-a]/[a^2+1]`

`D=[(a-1)^2-1+3a-a^2-a^2-a-1]/[(a-1)(a^2+a+1)].[-(a-1)]/[a^2+1]`

`D=[a^2-2a+1-1+3a-a^2-a^2-a-1]/[(-a^2-1)(a^2+a+1)]`

`D=[-a^2-1]/[(-a^2-1)(a^2+a+1)]=1/[a^2+a+1]`

`c)` Với `a ne 1` có:

`1/D=1/[1/[a^2+a+1]]=a^2+a+1=(a+1/2)^2+3/4`

Vì `(a+1/2)^2 >= 0 AA a ne 1`

   `=>(a+1/2)^2+3/4 >= 3/4 AA a ne 1`

  Hay `1/D >= 3/4 AA a ne 1=>1/D  _[mi n]=3/4`

Dấu "`=`" xảy ra `<=>a=-1/2` (t/m).

a) \(\frac{2a^2-3a-2}{a^2-4}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow2a^2-3a-2=2\left(a^2-4\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2a^2-3a-2=2a^2-4\)

\(\Rightarrow-3a-2=-4\)

\(\Rightarrow-3a=-2\Rightarrow a=\frac{2}{3}\)

b) \(\frac{3a-1}{3a+1}+\frac{a-3}{a+3}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(3a-1\right)\left(a+3\right)+\left(3a+1\right)\left(a-3\right)}{\left(3a+1\right)\left(a+3\right)}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{6a^2-6}{3a^2+10a+3}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow6a^2-6=2\left(3a^2+10a+3\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow6a^2-6=6a^2+20a+6\)

\(\Rightarrow-6=20a+6\Rightarrow20a=-12\)

\(\Rightarrow a=\frac{-3}{5}\)

a, \(\frac{2a^2-3a-2}{a^2-4}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(2a+1\right)-2\left(2a+1\right)}{a^2-4}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-2\right)\left(2a+1\right)}{a^2-2^2}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-2\right)\left(2a+1\right)}{\left(a-2\right)\left(a+2\right)}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2a+1}{a+2}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a+1=2\left(a+2\right)\Leftrightarrow2a+1=2a+4\Leftrightarrow2a+1-2a-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-3\ne0\)(voli)

b, \(\frac{3a-1}{3a+1}+\frac{a-3}{a+3}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(3a-1\right)\left(a+3\right)}{\left(3a+1\right)\left(a+3\right)}+\frac{\left(a-3\right)\left(3a+1\right)}{\left(a+3\right)\left(3a+1\right)}=\frac{2\left(3a+1\right)\left(a+3\right)}{\left(3a+1\right)\left(a+3\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a-1\right)\left(a+3\right)+\left(a-3\right)\left(3a+1\right)=2\left(3a+1\right)\left(a+3\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6a^2-6=6a^2+20a+6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6a^2-6-6a^2-20a-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-12-20a=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow20a=-12\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=-\frac{3}{5}\)

Áp dụng bđt Schwarz ta có:

\(P=\dfrac{a^4}{2ab+3ac}+\dfrac{b^4}{2cb+3ab}+\dfrac{c^4}{2ac+3bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{5}\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\).

\(-\left(\dfrac{a-1}{a+1}-\dfrac{a}{a-1}-\dfrac{3a+1}{1-a^2}\right):\dfrac{2a+1}{a^2-1}\left(dk:a\ne1,a\ne-1\right)\)

\(=-\left(\dfrac{a-1}{a+1}-\dfrac{a}{a-1}+\dfrac{3a+1}{a^2-1}\right):\dfrac{2a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2-a\left(a+1\right)+3a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =-\dfrac{a^2-2a+1-a^2-a+3a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\)

\(=-\dfrac{2}{2a+1}\)

\(-\left(\dfrac{a-1}{a+1}-\dfrac{a}{a-1}-\dfrac{3a+1}{1-a^2}\right):\dfrac{2a+1}{a^2-1}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{a-1}{a+1}-\dfrac{a}{a-1}+\dfrac{3a+1}{a^2-1}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{a-1}{a+1}-\dfrac{a}{a-1}+\dfrac{3a-1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{\left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}-\dfrac{a\left(a+1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{3a+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2-a\left(a+1\right)+3a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\)\(=-\left(\dfrac{a^2-2a+1-\left(a^2+a\right)+3a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{a^2-2a+1-a^2-a+3a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{2}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =\dfrac{-2.\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right).\left(2a+1\right)}\\ =-\dfrac{2}{2a+1}\)

__

\(-\dfrac{2}{2a+1}=\dfrac{3}{a-1}\\ \Leftrightarrow-2\left(a-1\right)=3\left(2a+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow-2a+2-6a-3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-8a-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-8a=1\\ \Leftrightarrow a=-\dfrac{1}{8}\)

2.

\(P=\left(\dfrac{a+6}{3\left(a+3\right)}-\dfrac{1}{a+3}\right).\dfrac{27a}{a+2}=\left(\dfrac{a+3}{3\left(a+3\right)}\right).\dfrac{27a}{a+2}=\dfrac{27a}{3\left(a+2\right)}=\dfrac{9a}{a+2}\)

ĐKXĐ là :

\(a\ne0;-3;-2\)

Vs a = 1 ta có:

=> P=3

1.

\(M=\left(\dfrac{2a}{2a+b}-\dfrac{4a^2}{\left(2a+b\right)^2}\right):\left(\dfrac{2a}{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2a+b\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2a-b}\right)=\left(\dfrac{4a^2+2ab-4a^2}{\left(2a+b\right)^2}\right).\left(\dfrac{\left(2a+b\right)\left(2a-b\right)}{b}\right)=\dfrac{2a.\left(2a-b\right)}{\left(2a+b\right)}\)