a, \(PTHH:CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)

b, Ta có:

\(n_{NaOH}=\frac{60}{40}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu\left(OH\right)2}=n_{NaOH}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)2}=0,75.98=73,5\left(g\right)\)

c, \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+2H_2O\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H2SO4}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{dd\left(H2SO4\right)}=\frac{0,75}{0,5}=1,5\left(l\right)\)

a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{32,4}{27}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3CuCl₂ --> 2AlCl₃ + 3Cu

_____1,2--->1,8-------->1,2----->1,8

=> m_Cu = 1,8.64 = 115,2 (g)

b) \(V_{ddCuCl_2}=\dfrac{1,8}{1,5}=1,2\left(l\right)\)

c) \(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow3NaCl+Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)

\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)

PTHH : \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\rightarrow3Fe+4H_2O\)

.............0,05........0,2.......0,15.........

Có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_3O_4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

- Theo phương pháp ba dòng .

=> Sau phản ứng H2 hết, Fe3O4 còn dư ( dư 0,025 mol )

=> \(m=m_{Fe3o4du}+m_{Fe}=14,2\left(g\right)\)

b, \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

...0,15.....0,3.........0,15..............

\(Fe_3O_4+8HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+FeCl_2+4H_2O\)

.0,025......0,2..........0,05.........0,025...................

Có : \(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{n}{1}=n_{HCl}=0,2+0,3=0,5\left(l\right)\)

Lại có : \(m_M=m_{FeCl2}+m_{FeCl3}=30,35\left(g\right)\)

\(a)MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \to Mg(OH)_2 + 2NaCl\\ Mg(OH)_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} MgO + H_2O\\ b) n_{MgO} = n_{Mg(OH)_2} = n_{MgCl_2} = \dfrac{19}{95} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m = 0,2.40 = 8(gam)\\ c)n_{NaCl} = 2n_{MgCl_2} = 0,2.2 = 0,4(mol)\\ m_{NaCl} = 0,4.58,5 = 23,4(gam)\)

PTHH: \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)

            \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuCl_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,4}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) CuCl₂ còn dư

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{CuO}=n_{CuCl_2\left(dư\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2+0,2}=1\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{CuCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\\\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)

            \(2NaOH+CuSO_4\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)

            \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)

            \(CuO+CO\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+CO_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{6,2}{62}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuO}=n_{CO}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=0,1\cdot80=8\left(g\right)\\V_{CO}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

H₂ khử hỗn hợp thì chỉ Fe₂O₃ và CuO bị khử , MgO không bị khử bởi H₂ 

Fe₂O₃  + 3H₂  →  2Fe  + 3H₂O (1)

CuO   +  H₂  →  Cu  + H₂O

=> Chất rắn A gồm MgO chưa phản ứng , Cu và Fe.

Khi A tác dụng với HCl thì Cu không phản ứng nên 6,4 gam chất  rắn không tan là Cu => nCu = 6,4/64 =0,1 mol = nCuO.

=> mCuO = 0,1.80 = 8 gam

Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂  + H₂

MgO  + 2HCl  →  MgCl₂  + H₂O 

nH₂ = 4,48/22,4 = 0,2 mol

=> nFe = 0,2 mol , theo (1) => nFe₂O₃ = 0,05mol

<=> mFe₂O₃ = 0,05 .160 = 8 gam

=> mMgO = 28- 8 - 8 = 12 gam 

%MgO = \(\dfrac{12}{28}.100\)= 42,85% , % Fe₂O₃ = %CuO = \(\dfrac{8}{28}.100\) = 28,575%

\(n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05mol\\ n_{H_2}=0,4mol\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Zn}=b\\ 27a+65b=15,1-0,05\cdot64\\ BTe^-:3a+2b=2\cdot0,4\\ a=0,2;b=0,1\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,6+0,2\right)\cdot36,5}{0,2}=146g\)